The astrophysical S-factor S(E) is a rescaled variant of the total cross section σ(E) that accounts for the Coulomb repulsion between charged reactants. The astrophysical S-factor S(E) is a rescaled variant of the total cross section σ(E) that accounts for the Coulomb repulsion between charged reactants. The quantity is defined as Here, η is the dimensionless Sommerfeld parameter,