Enanthem or enanthema is a rash (small spots) on the mucous membranes. It is characteristic of patients with smallpox, measles, chicken pox, and roseola infantum. Enanthem or enanthema is a rash (small spots) on the mucous membranes. It is characteristic of patients with smallpox, measles, chicken pox, and roseola infantum. It can also indicate hypersensitivity. Enanthema can present with viral exanthema.