Lozenge

؋ ​₳ ​฿ ​₿ ​₵ ​¢ ​₡ ​₢ ​$ ​₫ ​₯ ​֏ ​₠ ​€ ​ƒ ​₣ ​₲ ​₴ ​₭ ​₺ ​₾ ​₼ ​ℳ ​₥ ​₦ ​₧ ​₱ ​₰ ​£ ​元 圆 圓 ​﷼ ​៛ ​₽ ​₹ ₨ ​₪ ​৳ ​₸ ​₮ ​₩ ​¥ ​円A lozenge (◊), often referred to as a diamond, is a form of rhombus. The definition of lozenge is not strictly fixed, and it is sometimes used simply as a synonym (from the French losange) for rhombus. Most often, though, lozenge refers to a thin rhombus—a rhombus with two acute and two obtuse angles, especially one with acute angles of 45°. The lozenge shape is often used in parquetry (with acute angles that are 360°/n with n being an integer higher than 4, because they can be used to form set of tiles of the same shape and size, reusable to cover the plane in various geometric patterns as the result of a tiling process called tessellation in mathematics) and as decoration on ceramics, silverware and textiles. It also features in heraldry and playing cards.LozengePhrygian art, 7th Century BCCucuteni-Trypillian figurine with sown field patternBush Barrow Lozenge British Bronze AgeUshak carpet, Ottoman EmpireKhatha, sacred Yantra amulet from ThailandHindu Star of LakshmiMuslim Rub el HizbMagic squares were used as amuletsTalisman design from an 18th-century French grimoireArabic manuscript China, 16th CenturyCharlemagne coins, denier or denaro ca. 771-793Belitung shipwreck, Tang Dynasty ca.825Traditional sown field pattern of Western UkraineArmenian tapestryRongorongo proto-writing, possible lunar calendar calculating deviceEpigonation in Eastern ChristianityGreek Classical elementsIn Ecclesiastical heraldry lozenge shape is reserved for femalesWomen Airforce Service Pilots BadgePhilippine Air Force roundelMitsubishi logoRenault logoNational flag of Belarus with sown field patternNational flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadineslozenge shape is reserved for femalesAce of diamondsDiamond vault in German architectureRune-shaped designs (five-lozenges cross and heart) on the gable of Ledringhem's churchSown fields in an open field system of farming A lozenge (◊), often referred to as a diamond, is a form of rhombus. The definition of lozenge is not strictly fixed, and it is sometimes used simply as a synonym (from the French losange) for rhombus. Most often, though, lozenge refers to a thin rhombus—a rhombus with two acute and two obtuse angles, especially one with acute angles of 45°. The lozenge shape is often used in parquetry (with acute angles that are 360°/n with n being an integer higher than 4, because they can be used to form set of tiles of the same shape and size, reusable to cover the plane in various geometric patterns as the result of a tiling process called tessellation in mathematics) and as decoration on ceramics, silverware and textiles. It also features in heraldry and playing cards. The lozenge motif dates from the Neolithic and Paleolithic period in Eastern Europe and represents a sown field and female fertility. The ancient lozenge pattern often shows up in Diamond vault architecture, in traditional dress patterns of Slavic peoples, and in traditional Ukrainian embroidery. The lozenge pattern also appears extensively in Celtic art, art from the Ottoman Empire, and ancient Phrygian art. The lozenge symbolism is one of the main female symbols in Berber carpets.Common Berber jewelry from the Aurès Mountains or Kabylie in Algeria also uses this pattern as a female fertility sign. In 1658, the English philosopher Sir Thomas Browne published The Garden of Cyrus, subtitled The Quincunciall Lozenge, or Network Plantations of the Ancients, in which he outlined the mystical interconnection of art, nature and the universe via the quincunx pattern. He also suggested therein that ancient plantations were laid out in a lozenge pattern. Lozenges appear as symbols in ancient classic element systems, in amulets, and in religious symbolism. In playing cards, the symbol for the suit of diamonds is a lozenge. In Unicode, the lozenge is encoded in multiple variants: The character is present in DOS code page 437 (at character code 4) and Mac-Roman (at character 215 = 0xd7). The TeX command for the lozenge is lozenge. In IBM 026 punched card code the square lozenge variant ⌑ is (12-8-4), In modal logic, the lozenge expresses that there is 'possibility.' For example, the expression ◊ P {displaystyle lozenge P} expresses that it is possible that P {displaystyle P} is true.