Benzyl benzoate

Benzyl benzoate (BnBzO), sold under the brand name Scabanca among others, is a medication and insect repellent. As a medication it is used to treat scabies and lice. For scabies either permethrin or malathion is typically preferred. It is applied to the skin as a lotion. Typically two to three applications are needed. Benzyl benzoate (BnBzO), sold under the brand name Scabanca among others, is a medication and insect repellent. As a medication it is used to treat scabies and lice. For scabies either permethrin or malathion is typically preferred. It is applied to the skin as a lotion. Typically two to three applications are needed. Side effects may include irritation of the skin. It is not recommended in children. It is also used in other animals; however, is toxic to cats. How it works is unclear. Benzyl benzoate was first studied medically in 1918. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Benzyl benzoate is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.21–0.53 per 100 mL. It is not available for medical use in the United States. In the United Kingdom it costs the NHS about £2.50 for 500 mL. Benzyl benzoate is an effective and inexpensive topical treatment for human scabies. It has vasodilating and spasmolytic effects and is present in many asthma and whooping cough drugs. It is also used as an excipient in some testosterone-replacement medications (like Nebido) for treating hypogonadism. Benzyl benzoate is used as a topical acaricide, scabicide, and pediculicide in veterinary hospitals. Benzyl benzoate is used as a repellent for chiggers, ticks, and mosquitoes. It is also used as a dye carrier, solvent for cellulose derivatives, plasticizer, and fixative in the perfume industry. Benzyl benzoate has low acute toxicity in laboratory animals. It is rapidly hydrolyzed to benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. Benzyl alcohol is subsequently metabolized to benzoic acid. The conjugates of benzoic acid (hippuric acid and the glucuronide of benzoic acid) are rapidly eliminated in urine. When given in large doses to laboratory animals, benzyl benzoate can cause hyperexcitation, loss of coordination, ataxia, convulsions, and respiratory paralysis. Benzyl benzoate can be a skin irritant when used as a topical scabicide. Overdose can result in blistering and hives or a rash can occur as an allergic reaction. As an excipient in some testosterone-replacement injectable medications, benzyl benzoate has been reported as a cause of anaphylaxis in a case in Australia. Bayer includes this report in information for health professionals and recommends that physicians 'should be aware of the potential for serious allergic reactions' to preparations of this type. In Australia, reports to ADRAC, which evaluates reports of adverse drug reactions for the Therapeutic Goods Administration, show several reports of allergic issues since the anaphylaxis case from 2011.