Transition radiation detector

A transition radiation detector (TRD) is a particle detector using the γ {displaystyle gamma } -dependent threshold of transition radiation in a stratified material. It contains many layers of materials with different indices of refraction. At each interface between materials, the probability of transition radiation increases with the relativistic gamma factor. Thus particles with large γ {displaystyle gamma } give off many photons, and small γ {displaystyle gamma } give off few. For a given energy, this allows a discrimination between a lighter particle (which has a high γ {displaystyle gamma } and therefore radiates) and a heavier particle (which has a low γ {displaystyle gamma } and radiates much less). A transition radiation detector (TRD) is a particle detector using the γ {displaystyle gamma } -dependent threshold of transition radiation in a stratified material. It contains many layers of materials with different indices of refraction. At each interface between materials, the probability of transition radiation increases with the relativistic gamma factor. Thus particles with large γ {displaystyle gamma } give off many photons, and small γ {displaystyle gamma } give off few. For a given energy, this allows a discrimination between a lighter particle (which has a high γ {displaystyle gamma } and therefore radiates) and a heavier particle (which has a low γ {displaystyle gamma } and radiates much less). The passage of the particle is observed through many thin layers of material put in air or gas. The radiated photon gives energy deposition by photoelectric effect, and the signal is detected as ionization. Usually materials with low Z {displaystyle Z} are preferred ( L i {displaystyle Li} , B e {displaystyle Be} ) for the radiator, while for photons materials with high Z {displaystyle Z} are used to get a high cross section for photoelectric effect (ex. X e {displaystyle Xe} ).