The cognitive resource theory is a leadership theory of industrial and organizational psychology developed by Fred Fiedler and Joe Garcia in 1987 as a reconceptualization of the Fiedler contingency model.The theory focuses on the influence of the leader's intelligence and experience on their reaction to stress. The cognitive resource theory is a leadership theory of industrial and organizational psychology developed by Fred Fiedler and Joe Garcia in 1987 as a reconceptualization of the Fiedler contingency model.The theory focuses on the influence of the leader's intelligence and experience on their reaction to stress.