Xanthine dehydrogenase

2CKJ, 2E1Q749822436ENSG00000158125ENSMUSG00000024066P47989Q00519NM_000379NM_011723NP_000370NP_035853Xanthine dehydrogenase, also known as XDH, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XDH gene.1fiq: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF XANTHINE OXIDASE FROM BOVINE MILK1wyg: Crystal Structure of a Rat Xanthine Dehydrogenase Triple Mutant (C535A, C992R and C1324S)2ckj: HUMAN MILK XANTHINE OXIDOREDUCTASE Xanthine dehydrogenase, also known as XDH, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XDH gene. Xanthine dehydrogenase belongs to the group of molybdenum-containing hydroxylases involved in the oxidative metabolism of purines. The enzyme is a homodimer. Xanthine dehydrogenase can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification. Xanthine dehydrogenase catalyzes the following chemical reaction: The three substrates of this enzyme are xanthine, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its three products are urate, NADH, and H+. This enzyme participates in purine metabolism. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, to be specific, those acting on CH or CH2 groups with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include NAD+-xanthine dehydrogenase, xanthine-NAD+ oxidoreductase, xanthine/NAD+ oxidoreductase, and xanthine oxidoreductase. Defects in xanthine dehydrogenase cause xanthinuria, may contribute to adult respiratory stress syndrome, and may potentiate influenza infection through an oxygen metabolite-dependent mechanism. It has been shown that patients with lung adenocarcinoma tumors which have high levels of XDH gene expression, have lower survivals . Addiction to XDH protein has been used to target NSCLC tumors and cell lines in a precision oncology manner .