The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is a transport layer protocol designed to reserve resources across a network for quality of service (QoS) using the integrated services model. RSVP operates over an IPv4 or IPv6 and provides receiver-initiated setup of resource reservations for multicast or unicast data flows. It does not transport application data but is similar to a control protocol, like Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) or Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP). 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The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is a transport layer protocol designed to reserve resources across a network for quality of service (QoS) using the integrated services model. RSVP operates over an IPv4 or IPv6 and provides receiver-initiated setup of resource reservations for multicast or unicast data flows. It does not transport application data but is similar to a control protocol, like Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) or Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP). 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RSVP can be used by hosts and routers to request or deliver specific levels of QoS for application data streams or flows. RSVP defines how applications place reservations and how they can relinquish the reserved resources once no longer required. RSVP operation will generally result in resources being reserved in each node along a path. RSVP is not a routing protocol and was designed to interoperate with current and future routing protocols. RSVP by itself is rarely deployed in telecommunications networks today but, as of February 2003, the traffic engineering extension of RSVP, or RSVP-TE, is becoming more widely accepted nowadays in many QoS-oriented networks. Next Steps in Signaling (NSIS) is a proposed replacement for RSVP.