Trichohyalin

706299681ENSG00000159450ENSMUSG00000052415Q07283A0A0B4J1F9NM_007113NM_001163098NP_009044NP_001156570Trichohyalin is a protein that in mammals is encoded by the TCHH gene. Trichohyalin is a protein that in mammals is encoded by the TCHH gene. In 1903 the name “trichohyalin” was assigned to the granules of the inner root sheath (IRS) of hair follicles discovered by H. Voerner. In 1986 the name was reassigned to a protein isolated from sheep wool follicles. The human TCHH is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 1 at region 2 band 1 sub-band 3 (1q21.3), from base pair 152,105,403 to base pair 152,116,368 (map). This region in chromosome 1q21 is known as the epidermal differentiation complex, since it harbors over fifty other genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation. Gene coding sequence contains 5829 nucleotides. Gene orthologs were identified in most mammals including mice, chickens, rats, pigs, sheep, horses and other species. Trichohyalin is highly expressed in the inner root sheath cells of the hair follicle and medulla. It was also detected in the granular layer and stratum corneum of normal epidermis, newborn human foreskin epidermis, the hard palate, in the nail matrix, the filiform papillae of dorsal tongue epithelium and in rodent forestomack. The protein forms frequent links between the heads and tails of the keratin chains and, thus, participates in keratin intermediate filaments (KIF) inter-filamentous cross-linking. It also carries a function of a major reinforcement cross-bridging protein for the cell envelope (CE) barrier structure of the IRS and participates in coordination of CE structure. Overall, trichohyalin confers mechanical strength to the hair follicle inner root sheath and to other toughened epithelial tissues. Trichohyalin belongs to the S100-fused protein family. It is a monomer, containing 1943 amino acids, and has elongated (>200 nm) single-stranded alpha-helical conformation based on its unusually high content of charged residues. Molecular mass of the human trichohyalin is 253925 Da.