Nevus of Ota

Nevus of Ota (also known as 'congenital melanosis bulbi', 'nevus fuscoceruleus ophthalmomaxillaris', 'oculodermal melanocytosis',:700 and 'oculomucodermal melanocytosis') is a blue hyperpigmentation that occurs on the face, most often appearing on the white of the eye. It was first reported by Dr. M.T. Ota of Japan in 1939. Nevus of Ota (also known as 'congenital melanosis bulbi', 'nevus fuscoceruleus ophthalmomaxillaris', 'oculodermal melanocytosis',:700 and 'oculomucodermal melanocytosis') is a blue hyperpigmentation that occurs on the face, most often appearing on the white of the eye. It was first reported by Dr. M.T. Ota of Japan in 1939. Nevus of Ota is caused by the entrapment of melanocytes in the upper third of the dermis. It is found only on the face, most commonly unilaterally, rarely bilaterally and involves the first two branches of the trigeminal nerve. The sclera is involved in two-thirds of cases (causing an increased risk of glaucoma). It should not be confused with Mongolian spot, which is a birthmark caused by entrapment of melanocytes in the dermis but is located in the lumbosacral region. Women are nearly five times more likely to be affected than men, and it is rare among Caucasian people. Nevus of Ota may not be congenital, and may appear during puberty. A Q-switched 1064 nm laser has been successfully used to treat the condition. The Q-Switched Lasers (694 nm Ruby, 755 nm Alexandrite or 1064 nm Nd-YAG) with their high peak power and pulse width in nano second range are best suited to treat various epidermal, junctional, mixed and dermal lesions The Q-switched 1064 nm Nd-YAG is an ideal choiceto treat dermal pigment as in nevus of Ota and in darker skin types, as it reduces the risk of epidermal injury and pigmentary alterations. The pigment clearance may be expected to be near total. Usually a number of treatment sessions with an interval of minimum six weeks are required to achieve total or near total clearance. The number of treatments depend mainly on the severity of the lesion. Darker the lesion, more are the treatments required. It also depends to some extent on the quality of the laser system used and its energy output. Last but not the least, experience of the laser surgeon plays a significant role in achieving early and good clearance. A specific form of conjunctivoplasty may help somewhat.