Nonce word

A nonce word (also called an occasionalism) is a lexeme created for a single occasion to solve an immediate problem of communication.:132 A nonce word (also called an occasionalism) is a lexeme created for a single occasion to solve an immediate problem of communication.:132 Some nonce words may acquire a fixed meaning inferred from context and use, possibly even becoming an established part of the language, at which point they stop being nonce words, while others are essentially meaningless and disposable and are useful for exactly that reason. For instance in child language testing, examples of such words include 'wug' and 'blicket'. The term is used because such a word is created 'for the nonce' (i.e. for the time being, or this once).:455 All nonce words are also neologisms, that is, recent or relatively new words that have not been fully accepted into mainstream or common use. The term nonce word was apparently the creation of James Murray, the influential editor of the Oxford English Dictionary. Nonce words are sometimes used to study the development of language in children because they allow researchers to test how children treat words of which they have no prior knowledge. This permits inferences about the default assumptions children make about new word meanings, syntactic structure, etc. 'Wug' is among the earliest known nonce words used in language learning studies, and is best known for its use in Jean Berko's 'Wug test', in which children were presented with a novel object, called a wug, and then shown multiple instances of the object and asked to complete a sentence that elicits a plural form—e.g., 'This is a wug. Now there are two of them. There are two...?' The use of the plural form 'wugs' by the child suggests that they have applied a plural rule to the form, and that this knowledge is not specific to prior experience with the word but applies to (almost) all English nouns, whether familiar or novel. A poem by Seamus Heaney entitled 'Nonce Words' is included in his collection District and Circle.