In statistics, the theory of minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (MINQUE) was developed by C.R. Rao. Its application was originally to the problem of heteroscedasticity and the estimation of variance components in random effects models. In statistics, the theory of minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (MINQUE) was developed by C.R. Rao. Its application was originally to the problem of heteroscedasticity and the estimation of variance components in random effects models.