Macrotermes

Macrotermes is a genus of termites belonging to the subfamily Macrotermitinae and widely distributed throughout Africa and South-East Asia. Well-studied species include Macrotermes natalensis and M. bellicosus. Like other genera in the Macrotermitinae, they consume dead plant material indirectly by cultivating a Basidiomycete fungus of the genus Termitomyces on galleries inside - often very large - termite mounds. Frequently at the beginning of the rainy season, enormous swarms of winged flying adults disperse to establish new colonies. Spores are sown on the wood in the nest and treated with a growth hormone. The termites feed on the resulting fungus garden alone, and no wood is consumed by the termites themselves. The fungi produce heat in the nest, which rises towards the closed chimney. The heat is exchanged via the chimney, and its smaller tunnels that lead to the surface. Carbon dioxide and oxygen is exchanged near the surface of the nest, and workers may open or block individual tunnels to regulate temperature. The following species are included in the Termite catalogue: Data related to Macrotermitinae at Wikispecies