Superstar

Superstar is someone who has great popular appeal and is widely known, prominent, or successful in some field. Celebrities referred to as 'superstars' may include individuals who work as actors, musicians, athletes, and other media-based professions. Superstar is someone who has great popular appeal and is widely known, prominent, or successful in some field. Celebrities referred to as 'superstars' may include individuals who work as actors, musicians, athletes, and other media-based professions. The origin of the term in the context of celebrity is uncertain, but a similar expression is attested in The Cricketers of My Time, a famous cricket book by John Nyren about the Hambledon Club. Writing in 1832, Nyren described the outstanding 18th-century batsman John Small as 'a star of the first magnitude'. The earliest use of the term 'superstar' has been credited to Frank Patrick in reference to the great hockey players on his Vancouver Millionaires teams of the 1910s-1920s, specifically Cyclone Taylor. . Within a major published piece in Interview Magazine that appeared in June 1977, when asked by editor Glenn O’Brien, “Who invented the word superstar?” Andy Warhol, the pop artist known for popularizing the term, responded, 'I think it was Jack Smith.' O’Brien then asked, 'And who were the first superstars?' To which Warhol responded, 'They were all Jack Smith’s stars; every one of them was really a great person.” The term received widespread and commonplace use from the title of the musical Jesus Christ Superstar, in particular the 1970 concept album of the musical and the eponymous hit song. 'Super Star' is the name of a hugely successful rose which Harry Wheatcroft introduced and named in 1960, licensed from a German developer.. By 1909, the silent film companies began promoting 'picture personalities' by releasing stories about these actors to fan magazines and newspapers, as part of a strategy to build 'brand loyalty' for their company's actors and films. By the 1920s, Hollywood film company promoters had developed a 'massive industrial enterprise' that '... peddled a new intangible—fame.' Hollywood 'image makers' and promotional agents planted rumours, selectively released real or fictitious biographical information to the press, and used other 'gimmicks' to create personas for actors. Then they '...worked reinforce that persona manage the publicity.' Publicists thus 'created' the 'enduring images' and public perceptions of screen legends such as Rock Hudson, Marilyn Monroe and Grace Kelly. The development of this 'star system' made 'fame... something that could be fabricated purposely, by the masters of the new 'machinery of glory.'' According to Sofia Johansson the 'canonical texts on stardom' include articles by Boorstin (1971), Alberoni (1972) and Dyer (1979) that examined the 'representations of stars and on aspects of the Hollywood star system.' Johansson notes that 'more recent analyses within media and cultural studies (e.g. Gamson 1994; Marshall 1997; Giles 2000; Turner, Marshall and Bonner 2000; Rojek 2001; Turner 2004) have instead dealt with the idea of a pervasive, contemporary, 'celebrity culture'.' In the analysis of the 'celebrity culture,' 'fame and its constituencies are conceived of as a broader social process, connected to widespread economic, political, technological and cultural developments.'