IMRAD

In scientific writing, IMRAD or IMRaD (/ˈɪmræd/) (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) is a common organizational structure (a document format). IMRaD is the most prominent norm for the structure of a scientific journal article of the original research type.The text of observational and experimental articles is usually (but not necessarily) divided into the following sections: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. This so-called 'IMRAD' structure is not an arbitrary publication format but rather a direct reflection of the process of scientific discovery. Long articles may need subheadings within some sections (especially Results and Discussion) to clarify their content. Other types of articles, such as case reports, reviews, and editorials, probably need to be formatted differently. In scientific writing, IMRAD or IMRaD (/ˈɪmræd/) (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) is a common organizational structure (a document format). IMRaD is the most prominent norm for the structure of a scientific journal article of the original research type. Original research articles are typically structured in this basic order The plot and the flow of the story of IMRaD is style writing are explained by a 'wine glass model' or hourglass model. Writing, compliant with IMRaD format (IMRaD writing) typically first presents '(a) the subject that positions the study from the wide perspective', '(b) outline of the study', develops through '(c) study method', and '(d) the results', and concludes with '(e) outline and conclusion of the fruit of each topics', and '(f) the meaning of the study from the wide and general point of view'. Here, (a) and (b) are mentioned in the section of the 'Introduction', (c) and (d) are mentioned in the section of the 'Method' and 'Result' respectively, and (e) and (f) are mentioned in the section of the 'Discussion' or 'Conclusion'. In this sense, to explain how to line up the information in IMRaD writing, the 'wine glass model' (see the pattern diagram shown in Fig.1) will be helpful (see pp 2–3 of the Hilary Glasman-deal ). As mentioned in abovementioned textbook, the scheme of 'wine glass model' have two characteristic. First one is 'top-bottom symmetric shape' and Second one is 'changing width' i.e. 'the top is wide and it narrows towards the middle, and then widens again as it goes down toward the bottom'.