Microecology means microbial ecology or ecology of a microhabitat. Human gut microecology is the study of microbial ecology of the human gut. Microecology means microbial ecology or ecology of a microhabitat. Human gut microecology is the study of microbial ecology of the human gut. Microecology is a large field which includes many topics such as evolution, biodiversity, exobiology, ecology, bioremediation, recycling, and food microbiology. There are an estimated 1,000,000 different type of microbes that live on this planet of which fewer than 4,500 have been described according to the General Biodiversity Assessment.