PRDM9

4IJD, 5EGB, 5EH2, 5EI956979213389ENSG00000164256ENSMUSG00000051977Q9NQV7Q96EQ9NM_020227NM_001310214NM_144809NM_001361436NP_001297143NP_064612NP_659058NP_001348365PR domain zinc finger protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the Prdm9 gene. PRDM9 is responsible for positioning recombination hotspots during meiosis by binding a DNA sequence motif encoded in its zinc finger domain. PRDM9 is the only speciation gene found so far in mammals, and is one of the fastest evolving genes in the genome. PR domain zinc finger protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the Prdm9 gene. PRDM9 is responsible for positioning recombination hotspots during meiosis by binding a DNA sequence motif encoded in its zinc finger domain. PRDM9 is the only speciation gene found so far in mammals, and is one of the fastest evolving genes in the genome. PRDM9 has multiple domains including KRAB domain, SSXRD, PR/SET domain (H3K4 & H3K36 trimethyltransferase), and an array of C2H2 Zinc Finger domains (DNA binding). In 1974 Jiri Forejt and P. Ivanyi identified a locus which they named Hst1 which controlled hybrid sterility. In 1982 a haplotype was identified controlling recombination rate wm7, which would later be identified as PRDM9. In 1991 a protein binding to the minisatelite consensus sequence 5′-CCACCTGCCCACCTCT-3′ was detected and partially purified (named Msbp3 - minisatelite binding protein 3). This would later turn out to be the same PRDM9 protein independently identified later. In 2005 a gene was identified (named Meisetz) that is required for progression through meiotic prophase and has H3K4 methyltransferase activity. In 2009 Jiri Forejt and colleagues identified Hst1 as Meisetz/PRDM9 - the first and so far only speciation gene in mammals. Later in 2009 PRDM9 was identified as one of the fastest evolving genes in the genome. In 2010 three groups independently identified PRDM9 as controlling the positioning of recombination hotspots in humans and mice.