Arapaho

The Arapaho (/əˈræpəhoʊ/; French: Arapahos, Gens de Vache) are a tribe of Native Americans historically living on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming. They were close allies of the Cheyenne tribe and loosely aligned with the Lakota and Dakota.You have come here to speak with us about the Black Hills, and, without discussing anything that we say, and without changing anything that we say, we wish to tell the Great father when you get back that this is the country in which we were brought up, and it has also been given to us by treaty by the great father. And I am here to take care of the country, and therefore, not only the Dakota Indians, but my people have an interest in the Black Hills that we have come to speak about today.When I reached the top of the hill I saw Custer. He was dressed in buckskin, coat and pants, and was on his hands and knees. He had been shot through the side and there was blood coming from his mouth. He seemed to be watching the Indians moving around him. Four soldiers were sitting up around him, but they were all badly wounded. All the other soldiers were down. Then the Indians closed in around him, and I did not see any more. Most of the dead soldiers had been killed by arrows, as they had arrows sticking in them. The next time I saw Custer he was dead, and some Indians were taking his buckskin clothes. The Arapaho (/əˈræpəhoʊ/; French: Arapahos, Gens de Vache) are a tribe of Native Americans historically living on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming. They were close allies of the Cheyenne tribe and loosely aligned with the Lakota and Dakota. By the 1850s, Arapaho bands formed two tribes: the Northern Arapaho and Southern Arapaho. Since 1878, the Northern Arapaho have lived with the Eastern Shoshone on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming and are federally recognized as the Arapahoe Tribe of the Wind River Reservation. The Southern Arapaho live with the Southern Cheyenne in Oklahoma. Together, their members are enrolled as the federally recognized Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes. It is uncertain where the word 'Arapahoe' came from. Europeans may have derived it from the Pawnee word for 'trader', iriiraraapuhu, or it may have been a corruption of a Crow word for 'tattoo'. The Arapahoe autonym is Hinono'eino or Inun-ina ('our people' or 'people of our own kind'). They refer to their tribe as Hinono'eiteen (Arapahoe Nation). The Cheyenne called them Hitanwo'iv or Hetanevoeo/Hetanevo'eo'o ('People of the Sky' or 'Cloud People'); the Dakota as Mahpíyato ('Blue Cloud Men'), and the Lakota and Assiniboine referred to them as Maȟpíya thó ('Blue Sky People'). The Caddo (Toniibeenenno' or Toniibeeneseino' – 'pierced nose people') called them Detseka'yaa, the Wichita (Hinosouno') Nia'rhari's-kûrikiwa'ahûski, and the Comanche Saria Tʉhka / Säretika (Sata Teichas), all names signifying 'dog-eaters'. The Pawnee, Ute and other tribes also referred to them with names signifying 'dog-eaters'. The Northern Arapahoe, who called themselves Nank'haanseine'nan or Nookhose'iinenno ('white sage men'), were known as Baantcline'nan or Bo'oociinenno ('red willow men') to the Southern Arapahoe, whereas the latter were called by their northern kin Nawathi'neha or Noowunenno' ('Southerners'). The Northern Arapaho were also known as BSakuune'na' (Bee'eekuunnenno') ('blood-soup men'). The Cheyenne adapted the Arapahoe terms and referred to the Northern Arapahoe as Vanohetan or Vanohetaneo / Váno'étaneo'o ('Sage (Brush) People') and to the Southern Arapahoe as Nomsen'nat or Nomsen'eo ('Southerners').