CD38

4TMF, 1YH3, 1ZVM, 2EF1, 2HCT, 2I65, 2I66, 2I67, 2O3Q, 2O3R, 2O3S, 2O3T, 2O3U, 2PGJ, 2PGL, 3DZF, 3DZG, 3DZH, 3DZI, 3DZJ, 3DZK, 3F6Y, 3I9M, 3I9N, 3OFS, 3RAJ, 3ROK, 3ROM, 3ROP, 3ROQ, 3U4H, 3U4I, 4CMH, 4F45, 4F46, 4OGW, 4XJS, 4XJT, 5F1K, 5F1O, 5F2195212494ENSG00000004468ENSMUSG00000029084P28907P56528NM_001775NM_007646NP_001766NP_031672CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38), also known as cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many immune cells (white blood cells), including CD4+, CD8+, B lymphocytes and natural killer cells. CD38 also functions in cell adhesion, signal transduction and calcium signaling.1yh3: Crystal structure of human CD38 extracellular domain1zvm: Crystal structure of human CD38: cyclic-ADP-ribosyl synthetase/NAD+ glycohydrolase2ef1: Crystal structure of the extracellular domain of human CD382hct: Acidic residues at the active sites of CD38 and ADP-ribosyl cyclase determine NAAPD synthesis and hydrolysis activities2i65: Structural Basis for the Mechanistic Understanding Human CD38 Controlled Multiple Catalysis2i66: Structural Basis for the Mechanistic Understanding Human CD38 Controlled Multiple Catalysis2i67: Structural Basis for the Mechanistic Understanding Human CD38 Controlled Multiple Catalysis2o3q: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD382o3r: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD382o3s: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD382o3t: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD382o3u: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD382pgj: Catalysis associated conformational changes revealed by human cd38 complexed with a non-hydrolyzable substrate analog2pgl: Catalysis associated conformational changes revealed by human CD38 complexed with a non-hydrolyzable substrate analog CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38), also known as cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many immune cells (white blood cells), including CD4+, CD8+, B lymphocytes and natural killer cells. CD38 also functions in cell adhesion, signal transduction and calcium signaling. In humans, the CD38 protein is encoded by the CD38 gene which is located on chromosome 4. CD38 is a multifunctional ectoenzyme that catalyzes the synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) from NAD+ to ADP-ribose in addition to synthesis of NAADP from NADP+. These reaction products are essential for the regulation of intracellular Ca2+. The loss of CD38 function is associated with impaired immune responses, metabolic disturbances, and behavioral modifications including social amnesia possibly related to autism. The CD38 protein is a marker of cell activation. It has been connected to HIV infection, leukemias, myelomas, solid tumors, type II diabetes mellitus and bone metabolism, as well as some genetically determined conditions. CD38 produces an enzyme which regulates the release of oxytocin within the central nervous system. Daratumumab which targets CD38 has been used in treating multiple myeloma. Increased expression of CD38 is an unfavourable diagnostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and is associated with increased disease progression. CD38 has been used as a prognostic marker in leukemia. CD38 is also used as a target for daratumumab (Darzalex), a medicine that has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma.