Samuel Angelli-Nichols

University of Massachusetts Lowell

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Adia Benton

Northwestern University

Jennifer B. Rosen

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

Stephany N. Duda

Vanderbilt University

Natalie E. Dean

Emory University

Annette Rid

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

Sheena G. Sullivan

University of California, Los Angeles

Alexandra Phelan

Johns Hopkins University

Fausto Andres Bustos Carrillo

University of California, Berkeley

John Barugahare

Makerere University

Nicholas G. Evans

University of Massachusetts Lowell

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National Institutes of Health

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

University of Pennsylvania

Harvard University

Epidemic Intelligence Service

University of California, Berkeley

Government of the United States of America

AID Atlanta

Vanderbilt University

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Observational research in epidemic settings: a roadmap to reform

BMJ Global Health (2025)

Emily Ricotta Fausto Andres Bustos Carrillo Samuel Angelli-Nichols John Barugahare Adia Benton

Observational studies are critical tools in clinical research and public health response, but challenges arise in ensuring the data produced by these studies are scientifically robust and socially valuable. Resolving these challenges requires careful attention to prioritising the most valuable research questions, ensuring robust study design, strong data management practices, expansive community engagement, and access and benefit sharing of results and research materials. This paper opens with a discussion of how well-designed observational studies contribute to biomedical evidence and provides examples from across the clinical literature of how these methods generate hypotheses for future research and uncover otherwise unattainable insights by providing examples from across the clinical literature. Then, we present obstacles that remain in ensuring observational studies are optimally designed, conducted and communicated.

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10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017981

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