Global coral reefs continue to be threatened by diseases due to climate change that change environmental conditions. Rising sea surface temperatures are considered a significant factor in the increasing prevalence of coral diseases. However, the interaction between temperature and other factors makes this relationship complicated, so more research is needed. This study was conducted at two permanent locations from 2022 to 2024 in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Padamarang Site represented the marine conservation areas, while the Pasijambe Site represented outside marine conservation areas. This study aims to determine the changes in coral diseases locally and their prevalence level over time by analyzing the environmental parameters of marine waters. Data is obtained through field and satellite data, whereas data analysis uses various analysis techniques and software. Our study shows that the prevalence of coral diseases has increased rapidly in the last two years. In 2024, the prevalence in Padamarang Site was about 9.9% and Pasijambe Site at 12%. There has been a change in the type of disease, with white band disease and black band disease becoming dominant. The PCA analysis showed a positive correlation between coral disease prevalence and nitrate (r = 0.8965; p < 0.05) and phosphate (r = 0.7468; p < 0.05) as triggers. These results point to the need for immediate action to reduce the risk of coral diseases, which can cause severe damage to ecosystems. The sustainability of coral reefs is important for marine biodiversity, coastal protection and community livelihoods.
