Background Autism is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an individual’s ability to communicate socially and emotionally. The incidence of autism among college students is increasing year by year, which causes trouble to their study and life. Therefore, it is of great significance to find effective intervention methods to improve the symptoms of college students with autism. Subjects and Methods This study selected 30 students from colleges and universities who were diagnosed with autism as research objects, and were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received 8 weeks of music-guided imagination activity combined with multimodal exercise intervention, while the control group received conventional treatment. Both groups were evaluated by self-rating scales and professional assessment tools, and data were analyzed using SPSS23.0 software to understand the efficacy before and after the intervention. Results The self-rating scale score of the experimental group after intervention was significantly higher than that before intervention ( P <0.05), and significantly higher than that of the control group ( P <0.01). In the professional assessment tool, the loneliness symptom status score of the experimental group was significantly improved compared with that before intervention ( P <0.05), and was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P <0.01). Conclusions Music-guided imagination activity combined with multimodal movement has a significant effect on college students with autism. The experimental group can better express emotions, enhance social skills, and improve physical coordination and spatial perception through music-guided imagination activities. Acknowledgement 2022 Guangdong Ocean University Graduate Education Innovation Project (No.202213); 2022 Guangdong Ocean University teaching quality and teaching reform project (No.px-11223462).
Cu(OH)2 nanorod and CuO nanosheet arrays have been successfully grown on the copper surfaces by a simple one-step solution-immersion process at ambient temperature and pressure. After the chemical modification with 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane, the wettability of the copper substrate changed from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic. Meanwhile, the sliding angle of the superhydrophobic surface is less than 5 degrees. It is confirmed that both the synergic effect of the surface morphology and the surface free energy contribute to this unique surface water repellence. Furthermore, the as-prepared surfaces were stable even after a long-term storage, and retained good superhydrophobicity for corrosive liquids. Such special superhydrophobic properties will greatly extend the applications of copper in many other important industrial fields.
Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has become one of the most successful approaches in cancer therapy, as exemplified by the success of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in clinical trials.1 However, the objective response rate is only ~26% across all cancer types, thus it's crucial to identify key biomarkers to identify patients that will benefit from ICI.2 SIRPα is an emerging immune regulatory target which has been implicated in immune escape by interacting with the ligand CD47 in tumor cells, so called 'don't eat me' signaling.3 Recently, deep transcriptomic and proteomic analyses across multiple clinical cohorts under ICI treatment found intrinsic SIRPα in enhancing antitumor immunity in melanoma4 Given that SIRPα has been confirmed as highly expressed in treatment responsive patient melanoma cells and the expression levels are positively correlated with survival rate, tumor-specific SIRPα could become a potential predictive biomarker of treatment or be developed as a companion diagnostic (CDx). We explored a tumor-associated SIRPα IHC assay that can potentially be used for developing clinical testing by using preclinical FFPE samples established from patient-derived xenograft models (PDXs), recapitulating the main clinical and pathological features of the tumor of origin.
Methods
Hundreds of melanoma PDXs of Western patient origins have been comprehensively annotated, including RNAseq and histopathology data (HuBaseTM https://hubase.crownbio.com). IHC staining of melanoma PDX models on FFPE slides was performed in the Bond RX Automated IHC/ISH Staining System (Leica Biosystems) using a commercial SIRPα antibody (Abcam, ab191419), followed by whole slide imaging using the NanoZoomer NDP2.0-HT Digital Slide System (Hamamatsu) and quantified by HALOTM image analysis software (Indica labs). SIRPα IHC scores were also compared to the RNA expression determined by whole transcriptome sequencing.
Results
A total of 226 melanoma PDXs were comprehensively evaluated. Pathology analysis indicated that the majority were malignant melanoma with skin or lymph node origin. Human origin tumor RNASeq transcriptome analysis from the melanoma PDX displayed SIRPα gene overexpression (Log2 (FPKM)>3 in 233/248 models) in >90% of models, consistent with TCGA data of melanoma. IHC data also revealed high tumor SIRPα expression, with IHC scores largely correlated with the RNA data.
Conclusions
Here we have shown the successful validation of SIRPα IHC staining workflow in a large melanoma PDX cohort that has potential application for the evaluation of tumor-associated SIRPα as a predictive biomarker for ICI response.
References
Topalian SL, et al. Mechanism-driven biomarkers to guide immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2016;16:275–287. Shen Y, et al. Treatment-related adverse events as surrogate to response rate to immune checkpoint blockade. Medicine 2020;99:e22153. Feng M, et al. Phagocytosis checkpoints as new targets for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2019;19:568–586. Zhi Z, et al. Tumor-intrinsic SIRPA promotes sensitivity to checkpoint inhibition immunotherapy in melanoma. Cancer Cell, 2022;40(11):1324–1340.e8.
<p>Table S1 shows upregulated genes by 10 nM bufalin over vehicle control by over 50% or more in LNCaP cells exposed for 24 h. Expressed as fold over vehicle control set as unity.</p>
Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. Approximately one-third of the world's population consumes wheat. Stripe rust, which is caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is considered a devastating disease in cooler areas at higher latitudes or altitudes and is very detrimental to wheat production in the subtropical agricultural zone (Chen 2005, Ren et al. 2009, Chen et al 2014).
Stripe rust is one of the most serious wheat diseases of the world, usually resulting in massive loss of grain production. The most effective and environmentally friendly way to control the spread of stripe rust is to plant wheat varieties that carry stripe rust resistance genes. The identification and utilization of stripe rust resistance genes is very important for achieving this goal. This chapter summarizes the hazards of stripe rust and the current progress in the discovery of stripe rust resistance genes. It also introduces the advanced methods to identify Yr genes. The chapter also shows the successful application of Yr genes in wheat breeding program in southwestern China, which is the largest epidemic area of stripe rust in the world. The further identification and applications of Yr genes are also discussed.
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