In seawater the influence of biofilms formation kinetics process on two types of passive metals open circuit potentials(E_(OCP)) were studied.1Cr18Ni9Ti and high Mo steel coupons were immersed in seawater for about 10 days and E_(OCP) increased for about 200 mV after about 1 day.Epifluorescence microscopy observation and E_(OCP) data showed that during the initial bacteria adsorption period that E_(OCP) changed greatly and in the following time E_(OCP) increased slowly.The bacteria amounts on metal surface increased according to an exponential law and its adsorption kinetics at metal surface was proposed.The ennoblement of E_(OCP) was similar to the bacteria number increasing:E_(OCP) increased quickly during bacteria adsorption process and increased slowly after biofilms had formed.
New Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) estimator with synchronized phasor measurement is proposed. This estimator exploits the reaction of the transmission line amongst its electrical, thermal and mechanical models to estimate the real time conductor. This includes current carrying capacity, the final temperature of conductor and the time to violate the conductor's thermal limitation. Such information provides useful reference to the system operators to take actions aiming at increasing power transfer capability and enhancing system security and economic performance. The performance is evaluated under various weather conditions and different configurations of the proposed algorithm. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can achieve accurate DLR under various weather conditions and provides an economic, efficient and accurate means to improve the transfer capacity compared with existing methods.
On account of the advancement of SPE water electrolysis technology,the improvements of electrocatalyst of hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution is introduced in detail and the preparation methods of the catalyst are summarized covering our works on TiN impregnation-thermal decomposition for the synthesis of water electrolysis catalyst with TiN nanoparticles as precursors and a trend to develop the supports with high corrosion resistance and low noble metal cosumption of the catalyst in SPE water electrolysis is put forward.
The research status and development tendency about improving the energy density of the electrochemical capacitor are summarized from two aspects of how to improve the capacitance of the electrode and broaden the working voltage range.
A graphite electrode (GE) was electrochemically modified by recurrent galvanic pulses. The pseudo-capacitive behavior in acidic and neutral solutions and the electrocatalytic property in HCl and HNO3 solutions of the modified graphite electrode (MGE) were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). We found that the MGE exhibited a considerable pseudo-capacitance (the specific capacitance was high up to 1.730 F·cm - 2 ) in H2SO4 solution and excellent pseudo-capacitive behavior was obtained in HCl solution as well except for a narrow potential window. This was due to the excellent electrocatalytic activity of the MGE toward the chlorine evolution reaction (the onset potential of chlorine evolution was negatively shifted 238 mV). However, the MGE showed no pseudo-capacitive behavior in HNO3 solution but did show electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of nitric acid. Compared with the pseudo-capacitive behavior in acidic solutions, the potential window of the MGE in neutral solution was substantially broadened and its energy density improved greatly eventually even though the corresponding peak current density decreased.
Background:The significant justification for why vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) happens is because of cerebrovascular disease.If not recognized early, this will prompt vascular dementia.To have the option to analyze VCI the assessment procedure ought to be foremost, in order to assist with effective treatment strategy to forestall extra vascular harm. Objective:The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the scoring system used to assess VCI after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique.Methods: A PRISMA selection protocol was used to identify neuroimaging studies across electronic database such as PubMed, Google scholar, Embase and web of science from May 13, 2011 to October 10, 2022.A total of 26 studies evaluating neuropsychological assessment such as Educational experience, Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Fazekas perivascular (PV) Score, Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and Activities daily living scale(ADL) for VCI after MRI method.Meta-analysis was performed by Rev-Man 5.4. Results:The meta-analysis included 26 MRI studies on VCI patients and control.The studies included a total number of 2,253 individuals, 1,192 were in the control group and 1,061 patients in VCI group.The cognitive function assessed by the meta-analysis revealed VCI with lesser MMSE scores (Heterogeneity: Tau 2 = 6.75;Chi 2 = 879.81,df = 19 (P < 0.00001); I 2 = 98%) and MoCA scores (Heterogeneity: Tau 2 = 12.76; Chi 2 = 736.56,df = 15 (P < 0.00001); I 2 = 98%) respectively.The analysis showed that, educational level is positively related with cognitive function in VCI patients (Heterogeneity: Chi 2 = 39.68,df = 20 (P = 0.005); I 2 = 50%).The control group observed a lesser HAMA and Fazekas PV score compared to VCI.But there was no significant difference for HAMD and ADL between the two groups. Conclusion:Cognitive performance in subjects with VCI can be evaluated using neuropsychological scoring system following MRI technique.Furthermore, MMSE and MoCA scores following education increases positive cognitive function.
Cathodic polarization behavior of 16Mn steel had been studied in four types of soil with different moisture contents by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).A method was found out to determine cathodic protection parameters rapidly and exactly by simulation experiment in laboratory.The results revealed that charge transfer resistance(R_t)vs cathodic polarization potential(E_(e,c))curves plotted by EIS,which could be used to analyze control mechanism of corrosion process and to select appropriate cathodic protection parameters.Corrosion control mechanism could be judged by the shape of R_t-E_(e,c) curves.Characteristic points of the curves could determine the minimum protection potential,the optimum protection potential and the maximum protection potential.And then it was feasible that the cathodic protection parameter in soil could be studied by the curves of charge transfer resistance(R_t)vs cathodic polarization potential(E_(e,c))according to weight loss experiment.
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