Aiming at the tracking problem of human-computer interaction force in active rehabilitation training mode, the position-based adaptive impedance controller is used to control the human-computer interaction force in the training process. The control rate of the adaptive impedance controller is first derived. The position controller and impedance controller simulation model are established based on MATLAB software, and the impedance control effect is simulated. The experimentally proven position-based adaptive impedance controller can realize the resistance following requirements in the active training process.
Hyponatremia is one of the most common electrolyte disorders in the hospitalized patients and can result from a wide range of causes. The treatment of hyponatremia depends on the underlying disorders, though the cause is sometimes difficult to identify. We present a 36-year female who developed intermittent abdominal pain and episodes of generalized seizure. Hypertension with BP 140/100 mmHg and tachycardia with heart rate 110/min were noticed. Her consciousness was alert without neurological deficits. Abdominal examinations were unremarkable and the hormonal studies were normal. However, her serum sodium concentration was strikingly low (115-121mmol/L), mimicking the laboratory diagnostic criteria of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH). The hyponatremia was refractory to normal saline infusion, but resolved spontaneously when abdominal pain was completely relieved. The patient again developed hyponatremia (116mmol/L) with the same clinical symptoms two weeks later. Positive Watson-Schwart test and increased urinary coproporphyrins pointed to the diagnosis of acute intermitternt prophyria during the second acute attack. This case highlights that hyponatremia may be the presenting feature of acute intermittent porphyria, which should be kept in mind when making differential diagnosis of hyponatremia and simultaneous unexplained abdominal pain.
Tumor location in the breast varies, with the highest frequency in the upper outer quadrant and lowest frequency in the lower inner quadrant. Nevertheless, tumors in the central and nipple portion (TCNP) are poorly studied types of breast cancer; therefore, we aimed to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic features of TCNP.Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we identifed 105,037 patients diagnosed with tumor in the breast peripheral quadrant (TBPQ) (n=97,046) or TCNP (n=7,991). The chi-squared test was used to compare categorical variables across TCNP and TBPQ. Cox proportional hazard models with hazard ratios were applied to estimate the factors associated with prognosis.The median follow-up was over 43 months. Compared with TBPQ, TCNP patients were signifcantly older (age ≥66 years: 40.4% vs 34.1%, P<0.001), with larger tumor sizes (>20 mm size: 46.9% vs 37.3%, P<0.001), higher proportions of TNM stage II-III (18.6% vs 9.9%, P<0.001), and more mastectomies (58.1% vs 37.8%, P<0.001). The breast cancer-specifc survival (BCSS)/overall survival (OS) rate was signifcantly worse for TCNP than for TBPQ. Multivariate Cox analysis showed a higher hazard ratios for TCNP over TBPQ (BCSS: hazard ratios =1.160, P=0.005, 95% CI: 1.046-1.287; OS: hazard ratios =1.301, P<0.001, 95% CI: 1.211-1.398). A subgroup analysis revealed inferior outcomes for TCNP in TNM stage II-III and breast subtype subgroup. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that TCNP was an independent contributing factor to LN metastasis.TCNP was associated with older age, larger tumor size, higher TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. Compared with TBPQ, TCNP had adverse impacts on BCSS and OS.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks sensitivity to endocrine and targeted therapies, exhibiting high recurrence and poor prognosis postchemotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial role in cancer progression. Vitexin, a compound with diverse pharmacological effects including anti-cancer activity, remains unexplored in its impact on TAMs during TNBC development. This study aimed to investigate vitexin’s effect on TNBC, its regulation of macrophage polarization (M1 vs. M2), and the underlying EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Our results demonstrated that vitexin suppressed the proliferation and invasion of TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231 and BT549) while inducing macrophage mediators that further inhibited cancer cell migration. Vitexin also promoted M1 polarization and suppressed M2 polarization, affecting EGFR phosphorylation and downstream signaling. In vivo, vitexin inhibited tumor growth, favoring M1 polarization and suppressing M2 polarization, with synergistic effects when combined with doxorubicin (Dox). These findings offer novel insights into vitexin’s potential in TNBC treatment.
Abstract Background : Whether or not invasive micropapillary carcinoma(IMPC) histology is an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer remains controversial. Moreover, the relationship between different molecular subtypes and survival outcomes of IMPC and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is still unknown. Methods : Using the SEER database to identify breast cancer patients, we retrospectively analyzed 959 IMPC and 174591 IDC cases diagnosed between 2010-2016 with non-metastatic diseases that underwent surgery. Specifically, we compared long-term outcomes of breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS). Results : Relative to IDC patients, IMPC patients were younger at diagnosis and had more moderate and poorly differentiated tumors (93.2% vs. 78.5%), more T3 and T4 tumors (11.0% vs. 6.9%), a higher percentage of nodal involvement (48.9% vs. 30.9%) and AJCC stage III patients (11.9% vs. 6.9%), and presented a higher proportion of HR positivity (91.2% vs. 82.3%) and HER2 positivity (22.3% vs. 16.9%). IMPC had a better BCSS (P=0.039) but showed no significant difference in OS (P=0.095) compared with IDC. In multivariate Cox analysis, IMPC histologic type was an independent favorable prognostic factor for both BCSS (HR=0.509, P=0.002, 95%CI: 0.335-0.775) and OS (HR=0.637, P=0.003, 95%CI: 0.475-0.854). After the case-control matched analysis using the propensity score matching method, IMPC still had a better BCSS (P=0.001); however, we observed no significant difference in OS (P =0.385). While different molecular subtypes have different impacts on survival outcomes, no significant differences were observed in BCSS and OS between IMPC and IDC in relation to Luminal B, HER2-enriched, and Triple-negative subtypes. However, in relation to the Luminal A subtype, IMPC had better BCSS (HR= 0.399, P=0.001, 95%CI: 0.226−0.703) and OS (HR=0.508, P=0.001, 95%CI: 0.345−0.746). In the case-control cohort, IMPC still had a better BCSS (HR= 0.423, P=0.005, 95%CI: 0.233−0.770), but no significantly difference was observed in OS (HR=0.767, P=0.22, 95%CI: 0.502−1.172) in Luminal A subtype. Conclusion : Relative to IDC, IMPC presents better long-term survival outcomes, and the survival benefits are confined to the Luminal A subtype.
Precise building of multifunctional nano/microarchitectures holds exciting prospects in various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, biosensing, and disease diagnosis. However, the reported architectures still face great challenges when implemented in vivo due to insufficient biocompatibility, inevitable invasiveness, low stability, and difficulty for reconfiguration. Here, we report an optically reconfigurable platelet architecture through an organic integration of programmable optical manipulation and intravital platelets, functioning as highly skilled mason and endogenous biological blocks, respectively. By programming the optical force landscape in real time, multiple platelets can be stably trapped and then precisely arranged into a designed pattern, followed by spontaneous binding through the robust interaction between membrane protein and ligands, thus achieving a stable biological architecture with a high navigation flexibility. More importantly, they can be sculptured in a dynamically reconfigurable manner, with the aim to execute multifunctional biomedical tasks, including the active circumventions across the obstacles, precise vessel labeling, blood flow switching, and targeted cargo delivery. The reported platelet architecture might serve as a smart biomedical platform for constructing multifunctional cellular micromachines, with great promises for the desired biomanufacturing, targeted drug delivery, and immune therapy.
Living Red Blood Cell Microrouter In article number 2304103, Xiaoshuai Liu, Xianchuang Zheng, Baojun Li, and co-workers develop a living microrouter based on an organic integration of endogenous red blood cells, programmable scanning optical tweezers, and flexible optofluidic strategy, under which various biological targets could suffer from a selective routing by integrating the three successive functions, i.e., dynamic input, inner processing, and controlled output.
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