In process of global rapid urbanization, it becomes a hot issue that whether urban ecosystems can sustain the high intensity of the human activities and eliminate impact that socio-economic development induced or not, therefore the evaluation of urban ecosystem carrying capacity has become a significant point of urban ecology. Currently the theory and method of urban ecological carrying capacity can be categorized into three main patterns by represented characteristics: population carrying capacity, ecological footprint and relative carrying capacity. The relative carrying capacity in urban ecosystem can be defined as a potential ability, which can show the sustainable developing trend via comparison between ecological pressures and supportive ability. In this paper, an evaluation method of urban relative carrying capacity based on grey relevant degree is proposed and applied with Tongzhou district of Beijing, China as case study. The results indicated that accompanied with the improvement of urbanization ratio, the region comprehensive carrying capacity had been enhanced from 2000 to 2004 year, but its development in planning year is not sustainable and might create some detrimental impacts on urban ecosystem if it keeps the current developing mode.
The urban ecosystem is a Social-Economic-Natural Complex consisting of human beings and their surrounding. Because resources and environmental quality are crucial to the existence and development of an urban ecosystem, the development of an urban ecosystem is necessarily built on the basis of interactions among environmental carrying capacity (ECC), resource carrying capacity (RCC) and social-economic development capacity (SEDC). A single component's capacity should not be studied without considering the integrity of the whole system. In this paper, the concept of 'Compound carrying capacity' (CCC) is introduced and studied as an index of the interactions among ECC, RCC and SEDC, as a basis for meeting the challenges of urban sustainable development and eco-city building. Using this index, it is discussed in both theory fundamentals and quantitative models how these three kinds of capacity function to sustain the urban ecosystem. The concept of CCC is introduced to improve the comprehensive understanding of this system's structure and functions. Compared with traditional concepts, the CCC of the urban ecosystem includes the ability to develop and thus is characterized by being more dynamic. This dynamism shows in the ability of cities to respond when put under pressure. Clearly, this dynamic is not endless, both environmental, resource and social-economic development capacities have limits. A comparative study of urban ecosystems and the human immune systems shows that both systems have similar features. Thus, the CCC model is discussed in this paper in light of the biology immunity theory. In this it is assumed that the urban ecosystem is the material input and its main function is to offer eco-services. The extent of these services is dependent on both the intrinsic carrying capacity and the acquired carrying capacity of the urban ecosystem. The methodology for both calculation and adjustment mechanism of the CCC is outlined, with reference to the urban ecosystem health index and evaluation models of sustainable development. This quantitative model of CCC includes five parts: the intrinsic carrying capacity, the acquired carrying capacity, the integration of both basic and acquired carrying capacity, the absolute carrying capacity and the comparative carrying capacity of the urban ecosystem. In addition, a case study in Guangzhou city of China is described. Employing the CCC model, the complex carrying capacity of Guangzhou City was evaluated. This study showed that the CCC and pressure in Guangzhou were relatively balanced. The urban ecosystem was basically healthy, but in some parts, adjustments should be made in terms of economic activities and ecological restorations.
With the rapid economic development, the level of energy utilization is raising quickly, which results in a series of environmental problems. Urban ecosystem, as the major consumer of energy and key point of environmental pollution control, has to carry out environmental performance evaluation in energy utilization to reconcile the economic growth with ecological preservation. This paper aims at providing an overview and a critical analysis on the environmental performance of urban energy utilization. Several methods in environmental performance evaluation of energy utilization, including energy ecological footprint, input-output analysis, fuzzy synthetic evaluation method and emergy & exergy analysis are introduced and analyzed. Based on the analysis of these studies and features of urban ecosystem, we propose several suggestions concerning how to construct a comprehensive environmental performance evaluation model in urban energy utilization, which therefore can support the sustainable economic-energy-environment development of the city with scientific and systematic decision-making.
Urban Development Zones are always constructed rapidly and intensively, resulting in contingent ecological and environmental problems. This paper establishes a set of ecological-security index system for urban development and construction. It utilizes Pressure-State-Response (P-S-R) model to select frequently-used indexes, which represent the features of urban society, economy, and ecosystem environment. Through public survey and the analysis of the questionnaires, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (A-H-P) analysis, it prioritizes all the indices and screens out a set of operational eco-security index system according to the principle of monitorability. This method is applied to establish the eco-security monitoring index system for Beijing Eco-Tech Development Zone, therefore to provide basis for dynamic eco-security monitoring for the development and construction of Beijing Eco-Tech Zone.
FGFR fusions retaining the FGFR kinase domain are active kinases that are either overexpressed or constitutively activated throughout diverse cancer types. The presence of FGFR translocations enhances tumor cell proliferation and contributes to significant sensitivity to FGFR kinase inhibitors. FGFR2 as an actionable target in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) has been tested in many clinical trials. FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) and NGS (next-generation sequence) are well-known tools to investigate the translocations of FGFR with multiple or unknown translocation partners. A rapid and robust FISH assay was developed and validated to detect FGFR2 translocations from FFPE specimens in iCCA. The analytical performance of the FISH assay was evaluated for probe localization, probe sensitivity and specificity, and assay precision. Twenty-five archival FFPE specimens from local iCCA patients were tested for FGFR2 translocations. FISH results were correlated with that of NGS on some samples. Biallelic translocations and a novel FGFR2 translocation involving the partner gene, SHROOM3, t(4;10) (q21;q26), were identified in a local iCCA patient.
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