Abstract Background The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research (MJFF) regularly gathers feedback from patients and families about their experiences with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We often hear that cognitive changes are among the most feared and troublesome symptoms. Participants in Fox Insight, MJFF’s online observational study, reported cognition as their third most bothersome symptom 1 and in an informal survey of 797 webinar attendees, more than 40 percent said cognitive changes always or often affect daily life, confirming known research. 2 Mild cognitive impairment affects 25 percent 3,4 and dementia impacts 40 percent 5 of people with Parkinson’s. Yet honest, relatable, actionable information on this topic is lacking. To fill this information gap, MJFF’s on‐staff movement disorder specialist facilitated question‐driven discussion with three groups: 1. Providers — four movement and cognitive specialists; 2. Patients — 23 people with PD; 3. Care partners — two social workers and seven care partners of people with Alzheimer’s disease or Lewy body dementia. Care partners also completed a 17‐item questionnaire. Sessions focused on understanding how participants think and talk about cognitive changes as well as what patients and care partners want to know about cognitive changes and how to manage them. Patients and families want early, honest information so they can be proactive and plan. Clinicians recognize the need to mitigate fear and denial and to address cognitive changes in compassionate, reassuring and useful ways. We used these insights to create accessible, practical resources including a 35‐page guide, a webinar and a video. These materials offer information on how thinking and memory can change in Parkinson’s, tips and treatments to promote brain health and ease cognitive symptoms, strategies for talking with loved ones and providers about cognitive changes, and connections with the latest research. Demonstrating the urgent need for this information, the guide and associated materials have been downloaded over 325,000 times in less than four months and over 3,400 people attended the webinar. MJFF’s resources convey a sensitive topic in a relatable and empathic manner to decrease fear and stigma, stimulate discussion, promote research participation, and help patients and families maintain quality of life with cognitive changes.
Fault Tree Diagnosis System (FTDS) computer program is automated-diagnostic-system program identifying likely causes of specified failure on basis of information represented in system-reliability mathematical models known as fault trees. Is modified implementation of failure-cause-identification phase of Narayanan's and Viswanadham's methodology for acquisition of knowledge and reasoning in analyzing failures of systems. Knowledge base of if/then rules replaced with object-oriented fault-tree representation. Enhancement yields more-efficient identification of causes of failures and enables dynamic updating of knowledge base. Written in C language, C++, and Common LISP.
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