R. Somvanshi

Indian Veterinary Research Institute

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M. Kataria

Indian Veterinary Research Institute

J. C. Biswas

Indian Veterinary Research Institute

G. Saikumar

Indian Veterinary Research Institute

G. L. Koul

Indian Veterinary Research Institute

Pawan Kumar

Bihar Agricultural University

Vidya Singh

Indian Veterinary Research Institute

M. Sreelekshmy

S. Pathania

New York University

Kuldeep Dhama

Indian Veterinary Research Institute

Rahul Singh Arya

Central Agricultural University

Cooperative Institutions

Indian Veterinary Research Institute

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal

All India Institute of Medical Sciences

University of Veterinary Medicine

Banaras Hindu University

Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University

King George's Medical University

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

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Influenza A H1N1 virus in Indian pigs & its genetic relatedness with pandemic human influenza A 2009 H1N1.

PubMed (2010)

K. Nagarajan G. Saikumar Rahul Singh Arya Ashish Gupta R. Somvanshi

With the emergence of a new reassortant influenza A H1N1 virus that caused the 2009 pandemic it was felt necessary that pigs should be closely monitored for early detection of any influenza virus infection. Therefore, we investigated disease outbreaks with clinical history suggestive for swine influenza reported to our laboratory by owners of affected pig farms in Uttar Pradesh.Detection of swine influenza A virus (SIV) was attempted by isolation in embryonated chicken eggs. Presence of virus was detected by haemagglutination (HA) test and RT-PCR for amplification of different gene segments, cloning and sequencing. BLAST analysis of sequence data, phylogenetic analysis and mutation analysis based on HA, NA and matrix genes was done.SIV could be isolated from one farm and all eight gene segments amplified by RT-PCR. BLAST analysis of partial nucleotide sequences and phylogenetic analysis using nucleotide sequence of HA (601 nt), NA (671 nt) and M (1031 nt) genes indicated close genetic relationship of the Indian swine isolate (A/Sw/UP-India-IVRI01/2009) with human pandemic 2009 (H1N1). The HA gene showed close relationship with the viruses of "North American Swine" lineage, whereas the NA and M genes clustered with the viruses of "Eurasian Swine" lineage, indicating a novel HA-NA reassortant. The remaining of 5 genes (NP, PA, PB1, PB2 and NS) belonged to "North American Swine" lineage.This is perhaps the first report describing swine influenza among Indian pigs caused by an influenza A H1N1 virus sharing close homology with the human pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. Further reassortment with circulating influenza viruses must be closely monitored.

Embryonated

H5N1 genetic structure

Reassortment

Pandemic

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Detection of bovine papilloma virus type 2 in urinary bladder tumours of enzootic bovine haematuria cases

Indian Journal of Comparative Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases (2006)

Geeta Devi Leishangthem R. Somvanshi Ashutosh Tiwari

In the present study, we report the detection of BPV-2 DNA by PCR analysis in fresh (Transitional cell adenocarcinoma) and formalin fixed (papilloma, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) urinary bladder tumours in cases of Enzootic Bovine Haematuria, an incurable chronic disease of Himalayan region which is of economic importance. The specificity of the amplicons was confirmed by sequence analysis of amplified product.

Bovine papillomavirus

Amplicon

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Effects of prolonged bracken fern feeding and enzootic bovine haematuria on immune system in hill cows

Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology (2005)

R. Ravisankar R. Somvanshi J.M. Kataria Dhiraj Kumar Singh

The objective of this study is to assess the immunomodulatory role of prolonged feeding of bracken fern and spontaneous cases of enzootic bovine haematuria (EBH) in hill cows. To assess the humoral immune response in bracken fern fed and EBH affected cows, antibody level against Brucella abortus strain-19, (on day one 5 ml, S/C injection) was measured by tube agglutination test on 21st day. Cell-mediated immune response was measured by 2–4, dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) test in which, 2% DNCB was topically sprayed on two specific measured areas of neck for 3 days and challenged on opposite side on 14th day. Subsequently, during challenge, skin thickness was measured and biopsies were collected for histopathological evaluation. For in vitro studies, peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated and lymphocyte transformation test was carried out by 3-[4, 5,-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl (MTT) assay. Humoral immune response against B. abortus declined in fern fed and EBH affected experimental animals than controls. DNCB test revealed that fern fed and EBH affected cows had intense delayed type hypersensitivity reactions on 24th h. post challenge. Lymphocyte proliferation assay showed significant proliferative response at concentration of 5 μl. Con-A and 10? μl. PHA in these animals than controls. Prolonged bracken fern feeding and spontaneous cases of EBH led to decline in humoral immune response and enhancement in cell-mediated immune response.

Bracken

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Genome Sequence of Classical Swine Fever Virus Genotype 1.1 with a Genetic Marker of Attenuation Detected in a Continuous Porcine Cell Line

Genome Announcements (2015)

Neelam Tomar Ashish Gupta Rahul Singh Arya R. Somvanshi Vinay Sharma

The complete genome sequencing and analysis of a classical swine fever virus (CSFV) detected in a porcine kidney cell line revealed a close relationship with genotype 1.1 viruses circulating in India and China. The presence of consecutive T insertions in the 3' untranslated region (UTR), as seen in vaccine strains of CSFV, suggested some degree of attenuation.

Classical swine fever

10.1128/genomea.00375-15

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Detection of bovine papillomaviruses in cutaneous warts/papillomas in cattle

Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology (2008)

Geeta Devi Leishangthem R. Somvanshi A.K. Tiwari

Bovine papillomavirus was detected by electron microscopy in cutaneous warts, which was diagnosed histopathologically as fibropapilloma. Typing of the virus was done as BPV-1 and BPV-2 by PCR, which was further confirmed by cloning and nucleotide sequencing. This is the first report on identification of BPV-1 and BPV-2 from cutaneous warts in cow and buffalo calves in India.

Bovine papillomavirus

Cloning (programming)

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Histopathological evaluation of dermal lesion induced by Pasteurella multocida toxin in guinea pig and rabbits.

Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology (2000)

Jai Sunder Abhinendra Kumar R. Somvanshi Vijendra Pal Singh

The dennonecrotic eifect of crude Pasteurella multoeida toxin was studied in guinea pigs and rahhits. The skin reaction was ohserved 15hrs. and 48hrs. post infection in rabbits and in guinea pigs, respectively. The skin lesions produced in rahbits were more pronounced than in guinea pigs. The histological exmninations showed oedema, denuded cpidennis, necrosis, engorged blood vessels with erythrocytes, lymphocytes and other intlammatory cells. However, basically histopathological changes did not differ in guinea pigs and rabhits.

Skin lesion

Pasteurellosis

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Performance of pashmina (Cheghu) goats fed on oak (Quercus semecarpifolia) leaves

Small Ruminant Research (1996)

Pragya Singh J. C. Biswas R. Somvanshi Atul Verma S. M. Deb

10.1016/s0921-4488(96)00870-x

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Immunomodulatory role of Onychium contiguum, Cheilanthes farinosa ferns and their mixture in laboratory rats

Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology (2001)

D. Raja Sekaran R. Somvanshi Shanmugam Muruganandan

Onychium contiguum and Cheilanthes farinosa are ferns which grow in plenty along with bracken fern which is major cause of enzootic bovine haematuria. The present study is envisaged to study the immunomodulatory role of these two ferns singly and in combination in laboratory rats. Male albino rats were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each. First three groups were fed with Onychium (30%) Cheilanthes (30%) and mixture of both ferns (15% + 15%), respectively. Last group received standard fern free rations and served on control. Influence of these ferns on.the immune system was,evaluated by the assessment of humoral antibody titres (indirect ELISA) and delayed type hypersensitivity response against ovalbumin challenge after 135 days post feeding. Indirect ELISA showed significant decrease in antibody titre against ovalbumin in all the fern fed group on 7th day after antigen injection. On 14th day and 21st day after antigen injection, antibody titre was reduced non-significantly in mixture, Onychium and Cheilanthes groups, respectively. Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction against ovalbumin measured in the ear pinna showed less thickness in fern fed rats compared to control after antigenic challenge. Histopathologically, engorged bood capillaries and lymphocytic infiltration in the ear pinna was seen indicative of delayed type hypersentivity reaction. It was concluded that O. contiguum, C. farinosa ferns and their mixture feeding, produced suppression of both antibody mediated and cell madiated immune response in laboratory rats.

Frond

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Normal blood values for Indian hill bulls

The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences (1994)

R. Somvanshi

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Splay legs in laboratory Rabbits

Indian Journal of Veterinary Surgery (1997)

R. Somvanshi Gaurav Singh Sandip Kumar Dash

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