Lu Si
Peking University
Zhihong Chi
Peking University Cancer Hospital
Xinan Sheng
Peking University
Chuanliang Cui
Peking University Cancer Hospital
Yan Kong
Peking University
Yanping Kuang
Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital
Huan Tang
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
Shi Yang
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Ruhui Tian
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Jun Guo
Hebei Medical University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital
Peking University
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
National Vaccine and Serum Institute
Capital Medical University
Nanjing Medical University
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ideal agronomic traits are the important objectives in sweetpotato breeding, but the breeding methods are still lacking. We constructed linkage maps using a mapping population of 274 individuals derived from a cross between the female parent Xuzishu 8 (a purple-fleshed cultivar with many branches, medium vine, and high yield) and the male parent Meiguohong (a white-fleshed cultivar with few branches, long vine, and medium yield) by simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers in this study. The female parent map contained 24 linkage groups, and covered 1325.8 cM with an average marker interval of 9.2 cM. The male parent map contained 21 linkage groups, and covered 1088.6 cM with an average marker interval of 8.2 cM. The maps could increase the density of existing genetic maps. Using the composite interval mapping, we analyzed five important agronomic traits, including branch number, vine diameter, longest vine length, petiole length, and internode length in sweetpotato, thus identified one QTL related to branch number explaining the phenotypic variance of 53.2%, one QTL related to internode diameter explaining the phenotypic variance of 16.7%, two QTLs related to longest vine length explaining the phenotypic variance of 9.5% and 13.7%, two QTLs related to petiole length explaining the phenotypic variance of 8.8% and 11.3%, and five QTLs related to internode length explaining the phenotypic variance of 9.6%–28.1%. The QTLs can be used to develop molecular markers and assist the screening of plants with ideal agronomic traits at early seedling stage, thus improved the efficiency of field selection.