To explore the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and prognosis of villous adenoma with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the urinary tract.Clinical and pathologic findings of 3 cases of villous adenoma with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the urinary tract were analyzed by gross examination, microscopic investigation and immunohistochemical staining. The related literatures were reviewed.All of the three cases were middle-aged or elderly patients. Three cases all presented with hematuria and mucusuria. Endoscopic examination identified that case 1 had a polyp with broad attachment in the dome of bladder, case 2 had a solid mass in the ureter, and case 3 had a exophytic fungating tumor in the renal pelvis. Microscopically, case 1 revealed a papillary lesion with finger-like processes lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with abundant goblet cells. The cells demonstrated moderate degree dysplasia. In case 2 and case 3, both villous adenomas and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma were observed, the adenoma cells arranged in a cribriform pattern, and the tumor cells showed severe atypia, mitotic activity, and transition with invasive poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells in three cases were positive for CK20, CEA,EMA and MUC-1; none of them expressed cdx-2 and PSA; In case 2 and 3, the same immunophenotype of villous adenomas and their associated adenocarcinomas was observed, but the number of the positive cells of p53 and Ki-67 staining were significantly increased in the area of adenocarcinomas than in that of the villous adenomas.Villous adenoma of the urinary tract is rare. It can occur in the urinary bladder, urachus, renal pelvis, ureter and urethra. These lesions may have malignant potential and frequently coexist with other malignant tumors. So, villous adenoma of the urinary tract should be removed completely and sampled thoroughly to avoid missing a more aggressive component.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an EBV associated carcinoma showing prevalence in southeast China. Distant metastasis is the major cause of death. Herein, we investigated the expressions of microRNA-3182 (miR-3182) and EBV-miR-BART8-3p in 89 cases of NPC and evaluated their correlation with clinical outcomes. Fifty-one percent of NPC showed high level expression of miR-3182. Its expression was significantly correlated with distant metastasis (P=0.005). Fifty-two percent of NPC demonstrated high level expression of EBV-miR-BART8-3p and its expression was significantly correlated with distant metastasis (P=0.006). The overall survival was influenced by the expression of miR-3182 and EBV-miR-BART8-3p. The patients with a high-level expression of miR-3182 and EBV-miR-BART8-3p had worse overall survival (P=0.005 and P=0.007). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that EBV-miR-BART8-3p was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P=0.018). The expression of miR-3182 was significantly correlated with EBV-miR-BART8-3p (P=0.045). In conclusion, this is the first study examining the potential clinical utility of miR-3182 and EBV-miR-BART8-3p as prognostic biomarkers in NPC. EBV infection may promote NPC progression by disrupting the expression of miR-3182.
To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in mucosal natural killer/T cell and mature T cell lymphomas and its relation to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection.The expression of MMP9 and EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) were detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in 59 cases of mucosal natural killer/T cell and mature T cell lymphomas.The positivity rates of MMP9 and EBERs were 83.05% and 72.88% respectively. The positivity rate of EBERs was correlated with histopathological subtype (P<0.05), but not with clinical stage, vascular invasion or the patients' survival time (P>0.05). The expression level of MMP9 was not correlated with the clinical stage, vascular invasion or survival time (P>0.05). No significant correlation was found between MMP9 expression and EBV infection.EBV may play an important role in the development of mucosal natural killer/T cell and mature T cell lymphomas and promote disease progression by up-regulating MMP9 expression indirectly. Elimination of EBV infection may be helpful to prevent the development of lymphoma.
Aims The aim of this study is to investigate the expression profiles of cell cycle related proteins in nasal extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL). Methods The expression profiles of cell cycle related proteins were assessed with a cell cycle antibody array and validated by immunohistochemistry. Correlations between the expression levels of proteins and clinical outcomes of patients with nasal ENKTCL were evaluated. Results The expression of full length ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) in nasal ENKTCL significantly decreased compared with that in nasal benign lymphoid proliferative disease (NBLPD), but the expression levels of p-ATM, CHK2 and RAD51 significantly increased in nasal ENKTCL compared with that in NBLPD. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the expression levels of p-ATM and CHK2 in nasal ENKTCL were inversely related to overall survival (p=0.011 and p=0.025, respectively). Conclusion Abnormalities in the ATM pathway may play a crucial role in the oncogenesis and chemoradiotherapy resistance of nasal ENKTCL.
Objective To investigate the expression of miR-218 in cervical cancer tissues and bioinformatically analyze the target genes of miR-218 to provide theoretical basis on further studies of miR-218 functions in cervical cancer.Methods miRNA array was applied to detect miRNA expression profile in cervical cancer tissues,and real-time RT-PCR was used for validation.The bioinformatic analysis of the target genes of miR-218 involved gene ontology and signal transduction pathway enrichment was performed.Results miR-218 expression significantly decreased in cervical cancer tissues compared with that of normal cervical tissues.The functions of predicted target genes of miR-218 were enriched in biological regulation,adhesion and motion,proteometabolism,cellular differentiation,protein binding and other biological processes and molecular functions.According KEGG pathway database,the predicted target genes involved in pathway in cancer,adherent junction,focal adhesion,prostate cancer,chronic myeloid leukemia,melanoma,and other signal transduction pathways.Conclusions miR-218 expression significantly decreases in cervical cancer tissues.Some of the predicted target genes of miR-218 are significantly enriched in tumor related with signaling pathways.
Key words:
Uterine cervical neoplasms; miRNA-218; Oligonucleotide array sequence analysis; Target gene; Bioinformatics
The occurrence of malignant tumors is increasing annually around the world. In every year, 8.2 million patients died of malignant tumors in which about 90% patients died of malignant tumors associated multiple organs metastases. Inhibiting tumor metastasis is the key event to prolong the survi-val time of patients. With the further research, tumor-vessel associated extravascular tumor metastasis is playing an increasingly important role in the clinical application. This paper summarizes the new developments of tumor-vessel associated extravascular tumor metastasis to provide possible ideas for the therapy of malignant tumors.
Key words:
Malignancy; Extravascular metastasis; New developments
To study the genetic aberrations of ocular extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type occurring in patients from southern China.Fifty seven paraffin-embedded ocular MALT lymphoma specimens from patients in southern China were studied by interphase fluorescence-in-situ hybridization (FISH) for genetic aberrations including t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1, t(1;14)(p22;q32)/IgH-bcl-10, t(14;18) (q32;q21)/IgH-MALT1 and bcl-6/FOXP1 gene translocations.Amongst the 57 cases studied, 9 cases (15.8%) showed chromosome translocations, including 4 cases (7.0%) of t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1, 1 case (1.8%) of t(14;18) (q32;q21)/IgH-MALT1, 1 case (1.8%) of bcl-6 gene-related chromosome translocation and 3 cases (5.3%) of IgH-unknown translocation partner. FISH revealed 17 cases (29.8%) with 3 copies of bcl-6 gene, 21 cases (36.8%) with 3 copies of MALT1 gene and 12 cases (21.1%) with 3 copies of both genes.The MALT lymphoma-associated chromosome translocations t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 and t(14;18) (q32;q21)/IgH-MALT1 are demonstrated in ocular MALT lymphomas of southern Chinese patients. The prevalence is significantly different from that reported in northern Chinese and northern American patients, indicating a geographic heterogeneity in the MALT lymphoma-associated genetic aberrations. The presence of 3 copies of bcl-6 and MALT1 genes is the commonest genetic abnormalities observed in ocular MALT lymphomas, suggesting a possible role in MALT lymphomagenesis.
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