Different plant parts (root, stem, leaf) of Saussurea costus were used to isolate and investigate endophytic fungal species in summer, rainy and winter seasons.Total ten species of endophytic fungi belonging to seven genera (Aspergillus, Cunninghamella, Myrothecium, Penicillium, Pythium, Rhizopus and Trichoderma) were isolated from the root, stem and leaf in different seasons.The genus Aspergillus was found to be dominant with three species (A.nustus, A. wentii and A. niger).The genus Rhizopus was represented by two species (R. oryzae and R. nigricans).The genera Cunninghamella, Myrothecium, Penicillium, Trichoderma and Pythium were represented by one species each i.e.Cunninghamella elegans, Myrothecium roridum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Trichoderma viride and Pythium sp.respectively.Antibacterial activity of root of S. costus has been investigated using different solvents (methanol, ethanol and acetone) at different concentrations (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) against three test bacteria namely S. aureus, E. coli and Y. pestis.Root extract of S. costus showed greater antibacterial activity using methanol as solvent followed by acetone and ethanol solvent.In case of methanol extract, maximum inhibition activity was shown against S. aureus and minimum against E. coli.Maximum inhibition was shown against Y. pestis and minimum against E. coli in case of acetone extract whereas ethanol extract exhibited highest inhibitory activity against E. coli and lowest against Y. pestis.Therefore, it is evident that S. costus exhibited antibacterial activity against all the test bacteria in all the solvents used in this study thereby conforming it as a good antibacterial agent for future study.
Moringa oleifera is a versatile horticulture tree with important medicinal, nutritional and industrial applications, widely distributed and used in India. The Moringa tree originated in India and was introduced to Africa from India and other countries as a health supplement. Almost all parts of the plant have shown nutritional value and are used in India for a variety of food preparations. In India, M. oleifera leaves are available in powder to treat mild malnourishment in children. About all parts like leaves, seeds and pods are used as vegetables. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, alkaloids and others, are responsible for the medicinal value of this plant. This species is rich in protein, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals that form part of its quality as superfood. It has been reported to have strong antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, diuretic, anthelminthic and antiurolithiatic properties, among others. People in India use this species to treat common illnesses because of its availability and easy preparation. This review provides information on the significant potential of Moringa and its nutritional, medicinal, pharmaceutical and industrial values.
Moringa oleifera Lam. belongs to monogeneric family moringaceae is uncommon and underutilized plant. It is used traditionally as food and for curing the ailments as medicine. In the present study Moringa oleifera was studied for its ethnomedicinal properties and its botanical characterization. The ethnomedicinal information of Moringa oleifera is collected by literature and local tribes. The result of this study shows that Moringa oleifera is very important ethnomedicinal plant. It is considered as one of the world's most useful trees, as almost every part of the Moringa tree can be used for food, medicine and industrial purposes. It is used in the cure of ascites, rheumatism, diabetes and venomous bites and use as cardiac and circulatory stimulants. On the basis of this study we can conclude that Moringa oleifera is very important plant for cure of various diseases. Therefore use of this plant in our diet we can improve our health as well as society.
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