J. Mugisha

Makerere University

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Livingstone S. Luboobi

Makerere University

Betty Nannyonga

Makerere University

Juliet Nakakawa

Makerere University

J.M.B. Tukahirwa

Amos Ssematimba

Gulu University

Joseph Ssebuliba

Makerere University

Julius Tumwiine

Mbarara University of Science and Technology

John M. Kitayimbwa

Uganda Christian University

J. G. M. Majaliwa

Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture

Mildred Barungi

Economic Policy Research Centre

Cooperative Institutions

Makerere University

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

National Agricultural Research Organisation

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

International Livestock Research Institute

Wageningen University & Research

International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology

University of KwaZulu-Natal

Natural Resources Institute

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

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Analysis of input demand by smallholder cotton producers in eastern Uganda.

Eastern Africa Journal of Rural Development (2008)

Mildred Barungi J. Mugisha Imelda Nalukenge

Cotton farming in Uganda is mostly undertaken by smallholder farmers who face invariably several problems such as pests, price volatility, weather uncertainty and transaction costs with limited use of purchased inputs such as cotton seed and pesticides. This study focused on transaction costs that cotton farmers incur. The study therefore aimed at determining transaction costs that cotton farmers incur in production and other factors that effect farmers' demand for seed and pesticides, and estimating the proportion of total variable costs of cotton production accounted for by transaction costs. A survey of cotton farmers was conducted in Kumi and Pallisa districts, well known for cotton production in eastern Uganda The econometric models used in this study stem from the theory of log linear or constant elasticity form of single demand equations. Linear regression analysis of data was executed using SPSS in order to facilitate the estimation of the demand functions for cotton seed and pesticides. Results indicate that the percentage share of transaction costs of total variable costs of production was remarkable (34 %). A break down of total transaction costs revealed that lost revenue formed the greatest percentage (85%), followed by imputed transport costs (11%) and opportunity cost of travel and waiting time (4%), respectively. However, the statistically significant determinants of farmers' demand for cotton seed and pesticides were farmers' income and size of the cotton field. To enable the smallholder farmers who usually plant small areas to cotton, and the low-income farmers who are the majority in the rural areas, policy amendments inclined towards reduction of the transaction costs can improve the profitability of the cotton enterprise by increasing the demand for inputs. Stakeholders in the cotton sub sector responsible for seed distribution should also delivery the seed in time. Keywords: cotton, input demand, pesticide, transaction costs Eastern Africa Journal of Rural Development Vol. 21 (1) 2005: pp. 73-83

Variable cost

10.4314/eajrd.v21i1.28374

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Citations (2)

Qualitative analysis of livestock-forage system in the stall-feeding smallholder dairy cattle system

African Journal of Agricultural Research (2011)

F. Tibayungwa J. Mugisha M. Nabasirye

Dynamical systems of forage biomass accumulation under continuous harvesting with and without nutrient cycling are formulated and studied. For one dimensional dynamical system with being a measure of forage intake relative to forage growth, there is bifurcation at whereas at the system exhibits discontinuous stability, and at the system collapses. For a two dimensional dynamical system, there is bifurcation at, stable equilibrium at and unstable equilibrium at. For the three dimensional dynamical system where is a measure of soil nutrient replenishment, at the system exhibits two different stable states (a fixed point and a limit cycle) and one unstable state (limit cycle), and at there is only one stable state (limit cycle), and there is hysteresis. For and , there is local stability but no global stability. It is shown that the long-term stability of the livestock-forage system primarily depends on the stocking levels and initial forage biomass. Through bifurcation analysis, this study has identified critical points of the system for timely intervention by the farmer. Finally, by using dimensional analysis, it is possible to more readily compare relative effects of biological processes. Key words: Livestock, forage growth, nutrient, dynamical system, sustainability.

Limit cycle

10.5897/ajar10.123

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The Decision Model for the Internet Services in the Context of Development

Procedia Computer Science (2015)

Elly Amani Gamukama Aron Larsson Oliver Popov J. Mugisha

The Internet Services in the Context of Development (ISCD) model is structured in four levels of hierarchy based on the Analytical Hierarchy Processes (AHP) theory.The model provides a formal approach of establishing the relative importance of Internet services in the context of fostering national development.This paper presents the fundamental concepts of the model.Pairwise Comparisons (PCs) technique the cornerstone of the AHP theory is used as the baseline technique for measuring the intensity of preference between the Internet traffic classes (therein their respective services they deliver to end users) in the process of formulating the judgment matrix.The ISCD model is modelled to process data obtained from a group of individual decision makers that are independent from each other.Hence decision makers are weighted in the process of aggregating their priority vectors and the normalized weighted geometric mean method (NWGMM) is used to compute the group's priority vector, which is the final output of the model.

Decision model

10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.053

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A Mathematical Model for the Dynamics of HIV/AIDS with Gradual Behaviour Change

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine (2006)

Fulgentius Baryarama J. Mugisha Livingstone S. Luboobi

An HIV/AIDS model that incorporates gradual behaviour change is formulated with a variable force of infection for the adult population. The variability is modelled using a general function of time since introduction of the initial infective and exemplified for three specific functions. Expressions for the time taken for the reproductive number to reduce to unity and expressions for the time taken to attain a stationary steady state are deduced and discussed. Model projections for urban, peri-urban and rural Uganda are compared with corresponding antenatal clinic sites prevalence trends. The analysis shows that the dramatic decline in HIV prevalence in Uganda in the early 1990s was only possible through drastic declines in the force of infection. Since prevalence was high and reductions in frequency of sexual acts was minimal, the huge reduction could be attributed to reductions in probability of transmission per sexual act probably due to increased selective condom use among high risk sexual partnerships since overall condom use was low.

10.1080/10273660600906960

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Global Stability of Pneumococcal Pneumonia with Awareness and Saturated Treatment

Journal of Applied Mathematics (2020)

Fulgensia Kamugisha Mbabazi J. Mugisha Mark Kimathi

Pneumocccal pneumonia, a secondary bacterial infection that follows influenza A infection, is responsible for morbidity and mortality in children, elderly, and immunocomprised groups. A mathematical model to study the global stability of pneumococcal pneumonia with awareness and saturated treatment is presented. The basic reproduction number, R0, is computed using the next generation matrix method. The results show that if R0<1, the disease-free steady state is locally asymptotically stable; thus, pneumococcal pneumonia would be eradicated in the population. On the other hand, if R0>1 the endemic steady state is globally attractive; thus, the disease would persist in the population. The quadratic-linear and Goh–Voltera Lyapunov functionals approach are used to prove the global stabilities of the disease-free and endemic steady states, respectively. The sensitivity analysis of R0 on model parameters shows that, it is positively sensitive to the maximal effective rate before antibiotic resistance awareness, rate of relapse encountered in administering treatment, and loss of information by aware susceptible individuals. Contrarily, the sensitivity analysis of R0 on model parameters is negatively sensitive to recovery rate due to treatment and the rate at which unaware susceptible individuals become aware. The numerical analysis of the model shows that awareness about antibiotic resistance and treatment plays a significant role in the control of pneumococcal pneumonia.

10.1155/2020/3243957

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Citations (15)

On global stability of the intra-host dynamics of malaria and the immune system

Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (2007)

Julius Tumwiine J. Mugisha Livingstone S. Luboobi

Basic reproduction number

Clearance

Equilibrium point

Dynamics

Competitive exclusion

10.1016/j.jmaa.2007.10.035

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Citations (33)

Estimation of the HIV-1 backward mutation rate from transmitted drug-resistant strains

Theoretical Population Biology (2016)

John M. Kitayimbwa J. Mugisha Roberto A. Saenz

One of the serious threats facing the administration of antiretroviral therapy to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infected patients is the reported increasing prevalence of transmitted drug resistance. However, given that HIV-1 drug-resistant strains are often less fit than the wild-type strains, it is expected that drug-resistant strains that are present during the primary phase of the HIV-1 infection are replaced by the fitter wild-type strains. This replacement of HIV-1 resistant mutations involves the emergence of wild-type strains by a process of backward mutation. How quickly the replacement happens is dependent on the class of HIV-1 mutation group. We estimate the backward mutation rates and relative fitness of various mutational groups known to confer HIV-1 drug resistance. We do this by fitting a stochastic model to data for individuals who were originally infected by an HIV-1 strain carrying any one of the known drug resistance-conferring mutations and observed over a period of time to see whether the resistant strain is replaced. To do this, we seek a distribution, generated from simulations of the stochastic model, that best describes the observed (clinical data) replacement times of a given mutation. We found that Lamivudine/Emtricitabine-associated mutations have a distinctly higher, backward mutation rate and low relative fitness compared to the other classes (as has been reported before) while protease inhibitors-associated mutations have a slower backward mutation rate and high relative fitness. For the other mutation classes, we found more uncertainty in their estimates.

Resistance mutation

Emtricitabine

Viral evolution

10.1016/j.tpb.2016.08.001

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Citations (11)

Disclaimer.pdf

Harvard Dataverse (2015)

J Bushoborozi J. Mugisha J.M.B. Tukahirwa Kenneth Masuki Rick Kamugisha

Disclaimer for data use

Disclaimer

10.7910/dvn/1a22eh/czsjbx

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Modelling the role of cross-immunity between two different strains of leishmania

Nonlinear Analysis Real World Applications (2010)

Ibrahim M. Elmojtaba J. Mugisha Mohsin Hashim

Basic reproduction number

Strain (injury)

10.1016/j.nonrwa.2010.01.011

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Citations (13)

Parameter-dependent transmission dynamics and optimal control of foot and mouth disease in a contaminated environment

Journal of the Egyptian Mathematical Society (2019)

Francis Mugabi J. Mugisha Betty Nannyonga Henry Kasumba Margaret Tusiime

Abstract The problem of foot and mouth disease (FMD) is of serious concern to the livestock sector in most nations, especially in developing countries. This paper presents the formulation and analysis of a deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of FMD through a contaminated environment. It is shown that the key parameters that drive the transmission of FMD in a contaminated environment are the shedding, transmission, and decay rates of the virus. Using numerical results, it is depicted that the host-to-host route is more severe than the environmental-to-host route. The model is then transformed into an optimal control problem. Using the Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, the optimality system is determined. Utilizing a gradient type algorithm with projection, the optimality system is solved for three control strategies: optimal use of vaccination, environmental decontamination, and a combination of vaccination and environmental decontamination. Results show that a combination of vaccination and environmental decontamination is the most optimal strategy. These results indicate that if vaccination and environmental decontamination are used optimally during an outbreak, then FMD transmission can be controlled. Future studies focusing on the control measures for the transmission of FMD in a contaminated environment should aim at reducing the transmission and the shedding rates, while increasing the decay rate.

Human decontamination

10.1186/s42787-019-0058-1

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Citations (10)