Pseudephemerum is newly reported from Oregon, U.S.A. and Tlaxcala, Mexico. With examination of available specimens including types, Pleuridium tenellum is proposed as a new synonym of Pseudephemerum nitidum.
The Calymperaceae are a large pantropical moss clade. This paper reports the results of a phylogenetic analysis of the Calymperaceae, with an emphasis on the relationships of the large and putatively polyphyletic Syrrhopodon. Two chloroplast genes, rps4 and trnL, part of the nuclear encoded gpd, and morphological characters were analyzed individually and in combination. The total-evidence phylogenetic tree was used to construct a rank-free classification of the Calymperaceae following the guidelines of the current draft of the PhyloCode. The total-evidence cladistic analysis supports the monophyly of Calymperes and Mitthyridium, as well as the “leucobryoid” Calymperaceae, and confirms that Syrrhopodon (s.l.) is polyphyletic. In the context of this phylogeny, the presence of peristome teeth and bordered leaves are derived features within the Calymperaceae. The rank-free system of classification has several advantages over the Linnaean system for dealing with the taxonomic changes implicit in this phylogeny, primarily with regard to preserving the names of well-supported monophyletic groups such as Mitthyridium. However, we question the utility of article 11.7 of the PhyloCode, and offer some practical observations regarding clade names and the use of type specimens as specifiers.
Abstract Contrary to the listings of Index Muscorum , the type of Pleuridium sullivanii (basionym Astomum sullivanii ) is not the same as, or even conspecific with, that of Tetrapterum sullivanii (basionym Phascum sullivanii ). The two basionyms are based on different type specimens. Lectotypes are designated for Phascum sullivanii and Astomum sullivanii ; that of the latter is identifiable as Pleuridium nervosum .
Astomiopsis magilliana Snider, Yip, & Clark, sp. nov. is newly described from Natal, South Africa. The new species resembles Astomiopsis subulata C. Muell., but differs in having an obliquely long rostrate operculum, ovate perichaetial leaves, and bistratose upper leaf lamina. While examining South African collections iden- tified as Pleuridium nervosum (Hook.) Mitt. from PRE, we discovered a collection from Natal (Smook 1120) that was obviously not that taxon. The col- lection consisted of plants with rather large, trun- cate capsules and obvious orange-brown annuli at the bases of well-developed, obliquely long-rostrate opercula. Microscopic examination of several cap- sules revealed the presence of a functional annulus consisting of two (occasionally one) rows of vesi- culose cells. When a capsule is soaked in water, the operculum tends to break loose from the urn leav- ing most of the annulus attached to the urn mouth. A peristome is absent. These sporophytic features, in conjunction with a Pleuridium-like gametophyte, suggest that these plants belong to the genus Astomiopsis C. Muell. Upon comparing this specimen with all previous species of Astomiopsis described in the most recent monograph of the genus (Snider 1987), we find it to be conspicuously distinct, morphologically, and thus report a new species of Astomiopsis from South Africa.
The presence of an emersed capsule, an annulus, a central strand, and perichaetial leaf costal transverse sections showing a row of large, oval, ventral cells with thin upper walls and thickened lower walls, a central stereid band, and a dorsal cell layer consisting of small, ovate, thick-walled cells aligns Pleuridium julaceum Besch. with Astomiopsis sinensis Broth. The new combination, Astomiopsis julacea (Besch.) Yip & Snider, is made. Astomiopsis julacea is known from Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces, China, and Tokyo, Japan. The generic placement of Pleuridium julaceum Besch. has been questionable since its inception. Described by Bescherelle (1898), P. julaceum was based on a collection (Matsumura no. 71) from Tokyo, Japan. In the original publication, Bescherelle (1898) provided only a general description of the sporophyte features of P. julaceum. Noguchi (1987), however, stated that the taxonomic status of P. julaceum ...is not certain as the sporophyte is unknown. Matsui and Iwatsuki (1990) recently reported observing a single, flattened, cleistocarpous capsule in a purported isotype (Matsumura? NICH) collected from the Koishikawa Botanical Garden, but they did not provide detailed observations on capsule structure. We have studied the type collection (BM) and several isotypes (Matsumura no. 71, H-Br, s) of P. julaceum. The specimens from BM and s contain only gametophyte plants; however, an isotype from H-Br contains a single plant with an immature, emersed capsule among the numerous gametophytes. (Emersed was a term used by Brotherus (1929) and later by Snider (1987) to describe the character state when the base of the urn is parallel with the tips of the perichaetial leaves; the term is appropriate when the capsule is neither immersed, emergent, nor fully exserted). Unfortunately, we were unable to study the specimen cited by Matsui and Iwatsuki (1990), as that collection could not be located in the NICH herbarium (M. Mizutani, pers. comm.). Although the label information on many of the packets of Pleuridium julaceum is incomplete, all of the specimens we have examined appear to have been collected in by J. Matsumura. A specimen from TNS is labeled JAPAN: Botanical Garden, Tokyo, Matsumara no. 71. The original label (in Japanese) inside the packet is stamped co-TYPUS and Jinzo as the collector, and botanical garden, Tokyo as the location; however, it does not give a collection number. Matsui and Iwatsuki (1990) recorded a collection ? s.n. labeled from the Koishikawa Botanical Garden. Although speculative at this point, it may well be that all of these collections were made from the same location in the Koishikawa Botanical Garden, where Matsumura apparently had been associated since 1877 (Stafleu & Cowan 1981). In addition, we have examined two collections from Sichuan Province, China, labeled Tristichium sinensis (herbarium no. 01810 IBSC) and Pleuridium chinensis (a nomen nudum) (Chen 043052 PE). The characters of these two specimens match those of the Matsumura specimens. One difficulty in correctly placing Pleuridiumjulaceum concerns the lack of good sporophyte material available for observation. We were fortunate to examine two additional, apparently non-type, collections of P. julaceum (H-Br), collected from by Matsumura. The specimens were labeled as numbers 135 and 167, but it is unclear as to whether these represent collection numbers assigned by Matsumura. Both collections contain plants with abundant sporophytes, and one (135) included many with well-developed emersed capsules. Close examination of the emersed capsules reveals 2-3 tiers of vesiculose cells which form an annulus in the upper capsule region. Additionally, transverse sections of the costa near the base of the perichaetial leaves show a single row of ventral guide cells; two rows of stereids surrounding a group of two-layered, thin-walled accessory (begleiter) cells; and a dorsal layer of undifferentiated cells. At mid-leaf, the costa contains a row of large, oval, ventral cells with thin upper walls and thickened lower walls, a central stereid band, and a dors l cell layer consisting of small, ovate, thickwalled cells. A small central strand is present in the stem transverse section. We observed identical gametophyte features in the sterile type and isotype collections. These characteristics, combined with 0007-2745/98/86-88$0.45/0 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.128 on Tue, 06 Sep 2016 05:18:32 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1998] YIP & SNIDER: PLEURIDIUM AND ASTOMIOPSIS 87 emersed capsules, oblong-ovate perichaetial leaves, and long excurrent costae, are identical to those described by Brotherus (1929) for Astomiopsis sinensis Broth. The name Pleuridium julaceum (1898) predates Astomiopsis sinensis (1929), consequently a new combination is required. ASTOMIOPSIS JULACEA (Besch.) Yip & Snider,
