Objective To examine the regulatory effects of Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil on cognition and microglia polarization in APP/PS1 transgenic (APP/PS1 Tg) mice, a widely used model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Male APP/PS1 Tg mice at 8 months of age were randomly divided into two groups: Fasudil (25 mg/kg) and saline, i.p., once daily for 2 months; age- and gender-matched wild type (WT) mice without treatment were used as the controls. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was applied to examine spatial cognition of mice. Aβ1-42 deposition, the microglia surface marker CD11b, and the M1 and M2 microglia surface markers [iNOS, arginase 1 (ARG1) and CD206] in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Compared with WT controls, APP/PS1 Tg mice (10 months old at the time of testing) treated with saline displayed increases in the latency to target, mean distance to target, latency 1st entrance to SW quadrant during the MWM test; they also showed increased latency and mean distance entering to the target in the MWM test, indicating their impaired cognition, which was reversed by fasudil. In addition, fasudil decreased the expressions of Aβ1-42 and iNOS and increased ARG1/CD206 in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. further, the microglia marker CD11b had an overlap with the M1 marker iNOS or the M2 markers ARG1/CD206 in the cerebral cortex of the AD mice following fasudil treatment. Conclusion Fasudil reverses spatial cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 Tg mice via facilitating the transformation of Aβ1-42-activated microglia from the M1 to M2 phenotype.
In order to test visual acuity expediently and accurately, a test software was designed and implemented based on the characteristics of tablet computer which was suitable for home use. The software used front camera to detect distance and presented optotypes by number of pixels considering test distance and display resolution of tablet computer which was read by software automatically. The software could present optotypes accurately and control the appearance order effectively. The measurement range and accuracy complied with the national standards and it was suitable to popularize.
The aim of this study is to confirm the character of EEG and the location in brain when a person is being excited. The subjects get excited with absorption of fixed quantity of coffee. EEG signals are collected with Phoenix Digital EEG with 128 channels, and compared with the ones before the subjects drink the coffee. Obvious differences have been found between them. The character of EEG is a wave crest of 38Hz when the person is excited, and the height is about 200. Then with the software of ASA 3 Course designed by ANT company of Germany, the location in brain is confirmed when a person gets excited. The region of the location in brain when a person is excited is focused in the area of the middle abdomen in the pons'side near to bulbar.
We examined the effect of excessive Internet use on the time–frequency characteristic of the electroencephalogram by wavelet transformed and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). The event-related potentials (ERP) of normal subjects and excessive Internet users were acquired using the oddball paradigm experiment. We applied the wavelet transformed and event-related spectral perturbation to ERP in order to extract the time–frequency values. The F-test statistics of time–frequency values were then decomposed into two components by NMF. Excessive Internet use resulted in a significant decrease in the P300 amplitudes (P < 0.05) and a significant increase in the P300 latency (P < 0.05) in all electrodes. The major effect of excessive Internet use on gamma oscillation occurred at ∼300 ms after stimuli at 40–50 Hz on the parietal central region. Thus, these data suggest that excessive Internet use affects information coding and integration in the brain.
Through the classification of vehicular infrared night vision system and comparing the mainstream vehicle infrared night vision products, we summarized the functions of vehicular infrared night vision system which conclude night vision, defogging , strong-light resistance and biological recognition. At the same time , the vehicular infrared night vision system’s markets of senior car and fire protection industry were analyzed。Finally, the conclusion was given that vehicle infrared night vision system would be used as a safety essential active safety equipment to promote the night vision photoelectric industry and automobile industry.
In digital holography, the inherited speckle noise degrades imaging quality due to the coherent laser source. To overcome this problem, a hybrid method for speckle noise reduction is presented by combining a novel angular diversity approach with the block-matching and 3D filtering (BM3D) algorithm. A serial of holograms is first captured by the proposed recording approach, and then the image with high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained by averaging multiple reconstructed intensity images. Finally, the residual noise in the averaged image is further eliminated by the BM3D filtering algorithm. The speckle noise is significantly suppressed, and a nearly speckle-free image can be obtained. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Topography measurement is a pivotal application in quantitative phase imaging using digital holographic microscopy. In this paper, a reflection-type digital holographic microscope is set up to reconstruct the phase image of the sample with step characteristics, and a noise suppression approach based on an iterative adaptive bilateral filter is proposed to reduce phase coherent noise. The proposed denoising approach considers the phase difference in the neighbourhood to better identify and preserve step characteristics. Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
We propose a numerical method for phase curvature compensation in digital holographic microscopy, in which the phase curvature is compensated for by subtracting a numerical phase mask from the distorted phase. The parameters of the phase mask are obtained based on phase gradient fitting and optimization, in which the initial mask parameters are obtained by fitting the phase gradient, and then more accurate mask parameters are determined using a spectrum energy search. The compensation can be executed in a hologram without extra devices or any prior knowledge of the setup and specimen. A computer simulation and experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method.
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