<div>Abstract<p>microRNAs provide a novel layer of regulation for gene expression by interfering with the stability and/or translation of specific target mRNAs. Overall levels of microRNAs are frequently down-regulated in cancer cells, and reducing general microRNA processing increases cancerogenesis in transgenic models, suggesting that at least some microRNAs might act as effectors in tumor suppression. Accordingly, the tumor suppressor p53 up-regulates miR-34a, a microRNA that contributes to apoptosis and acute senescence. Here, we used array hybridization to find that p53 induces two additional, mutually related clusters of microRNAs, leading to the up-regulation of miR-192, miR-194, and miR-215. The same microRNAs were detected at high levels in normal colon tissue but were severely reduced in many colon cancer samples. On the other hand, miR-192 and its cousin miR-215 can each contribute to enhanced CDKN1A/p21 levels, colony suppression, cell cycle arrest, and cell detachment from a solid support. These effects were partially dependent on the presence of wild-type p53. Antagonizing endogenous miR-192 attenuated 5-fluorouracil–induced accumulation of p21. Hence, miR-192 and miR-215 can act as effectors as well as regulators of p53; they seem to suppress cancerogenesis through p21 accumulation and cell cycle arrest. [Cancer Res 2008;68(24):10094–104]</p></div>
The commercialization of space activities is becoming an increasingly significant trend in the development of the global space industry. This trend necessitates the transformation of the Russian space market as well. One of the topical issues of this transformation from an economic point of view is the question of finding the most promising market niches for domestic actors in the space industry. The article is devoted to the analysis of trends in the global space market and the identification of the most promising market segments. The theoretical basis of the study are the general provisions of marketing theory, including the concept of consumer segmentation and the concept of market positioning. The methodological basis of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, logical approach, comparative analysis), special economic methods of analysis (graphical method), as well as the use of qualitative and quantitative methods of collecting information. The sources of information in the work are the current regulations, data from reputable foreign research organizations, publications of foreign and Russian specialists in the field of space activities. Based on the market segmentation adopted in world practice, trends in the development of the world market in various segments are determined. The fastest growing segments of satellite services are identified, including the segment of remote sensing of the Earth, the broadband segment and the segment of mobile satellite communications, which includes data transmission services for the Internet of things. Based on an estimate of revenue, revenue growth rates and the rate of satellite renewal in orbit, the positions of countries in the respective segments were determined, the leader among which are the United States. The results of the study can become the basis for further study of the mechanisms and business models used by various countries in the field of commercial space, as well as for orienting existing participants in space activities to the most promising market segments.
<div>Abstract<p>microRNAs provide a novel layer of regulation for gene expression by interfering with the stability and/or translation of specific target mRNAs. Overall levels of microRNAs are frequently down-regulated in cancer cells, and reducing general microRNA processing increases cancerogenesis in transgenic models, suggesting that at least some microRNAs might act as effectors in tumor suppression. Accordingly, the tumor suppressor p53 up-regulates miR-34a, a microRNA that contributes to apoptosis and acute senescence. Here, we used array hybridization to find that p53 induces two additional, mutually related clusters of microRNAs, leading to the up-regulation of miR-192, miR-194, and miR-215. The same microRNAs were detected at high levels in normal colon tissue but were severely reduced in many colon cancer samples. On the other hand, miR-192 and its cousin miR-215 can each contribute to enhanced CDKN1A/p21 levels, colony suppression, cell cycle arrest, and cell detachment from a solid support. These effects were partially dependent on the presence of wild-type p53. Antagonizing endogenous miR-192 attenuated 5-fluorouracil–induced accumulation of p21. Hence, miR-192 and miR-215 can act as effectors as well as regulators of p53; they seem to suppress cancerogenesis through p21 accumulation and cell cycle arrest. [Cancer Res 2008;68(24):10094–104]</p></div>
Aim: To assess the efficacy of a Zhukovsky obstetric double balloon for improving outcomes in women undergoing hysterectomy for postpartum hemorrhage.Materials and methods: This was a randomized controlled study. Participants were divided into two groups to undergo insertion of a Zhukovsky obstetric double balloon prior to hysterectomy (n = 16) or conventional hysterectomy (n = 25).Results: The main reasons for major obstetric hemorrhage were placenta accreta (53.6%), uterine atony (26.8%), uteroplacental apoplexy (14.6%), and amniotic fluid embolism (4.8%). The use of a Zhukovsky obstetric double balloon during postpartum hysterectomy was associated with a 1.7-fold reduction in blood loss and a 2.3-fold reduction in blood loss > 2000 ml compared with conventional hysterectomy.Conclusion: The use of a Zhukovsky obstetric double balloon represents a potent tool for improvement of immediate outcomes of hysterectomy in women with severe postpartum bleeding.
Strategic planning of social and economic development of regions assumes systematic decisions, including formatting of documents, developing a mechanism for implementation and assessing achievements of the target priorities, relevant for the Russian Federation constituent. The authors proposed a concept for evaluation of the strategic social and economic policy of the region, which allows taking into account the particularities of transmission of the regional strategic priorities to the level of practical measures. A real qualitative progress in the direction of implementation of regional strategies is ensured by using the principles of continuity and contingency of long-term, medium-term and operational decisions of the authorities in a “corridor” of the planned development indicators in public administration; a quantitatively balanced decomposition of task indicators and program measures, permanent monitoring of executive and managerial performance of state structures. Approbation of the author's approach to evaluation of regional policy based on the strategic planning documents of the Chelyabinsk region, as well as the current activities of the authorities in its implementation over the period of 2005– 2017 allowed determining the problem field and identify shortcomings in the system of evaluation of real results of policy measures, deviations and inconsistency in prioritization, which at other equal conditions is a consequence of violations of the integrity of the implementation mechanism of the long-term social and economic policy, the principle of complementarity of operational, medium-term and strategic priorities, the systematic nature of the method of evaluation of the strategic policy for regional development.