In the case of hydraulic power system of ships or marine facilities, many kinds of mechanical, electrical, hydraulic components are connected to each other very complicatedly. It is very hard to disassemble or reconfigure the hydraulic system. Therefore there are increasing demands from industry for a stand-alone type actuator and a valve remote control system. Valve remote control system (VRCS) is a convenient system which it possible to operate the valves installed in the cargo or ballast tanks from the remote wheelhouse. This paper is dealing with a new stand-alone type hydraulic actuator for a valve remote control system. The stand-alone type hydraulic actuator consists of a gear pump, an AC motor, a check valve, a relief valve and a controller. We try to design and implement the stand-alone type hydraulic actuator and this tries to be verified through an experiment. This research is a contribution to simplify a hydraulic system, improve responsibility of dynamic power system, and reduce an energy loss in a ships or marine facilities.
When the air flows round the conical solid immersion lens (SIL) due to the disk rotation, the air climbs up along the lateral surface of the conical SIL at the downstream of the SIL. The existence of this backflow, which has opposite direction of the disk rotation, is confirmed numerically and experimentally. The backflow exists below one-quarter of the gap between the rotating disk and the lateral surface of the SIL and it is known to be one of major sources which carries contaminant particles to the SIL top. A step, 40 µm in height and 25 µm below the rotating disk, is fabricated on the lateral surface of the SIL to prevent the backflow. Numerical simulation shows the step reduces the pressure difference between the bottom and the top of the SIL so that the backflow is reduced dramatically.
In other to develop ultrahigh-power laser systems, laser mirrors must be highly resistant to thermal shock and effectively cooled; therefore, the study of optical multilayer systems which have high thermal diffusivity has become important. In this study, we designed and developed two-layer antireflection (AR) optical coating samples and five-layer high-reflection (HR) optical coating samples on glass substrate under different evaporation conditions of coating speed (10, 20 Å/s) and substrate temperature (50, 100, 150, 200°C), using two dielectric materials MgF 2 and ZnS which have different refractive indices, and the through-plane thermal diffusivity was measured using the photoacoustic effect. The thermal diffusivities of the samples were obtained from the measured photoacoustic signals by changing the modulation frequency of the Ar + laser beam. The results indicated that the thermal diffusivity is maximum when the coating speed is 10 Å/s and substrate temperature is 150°C, and is closely related to the morphology of the films.
of first-order rate constants for N-methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl chlorides with YCl (based on 2-adamantyl chloride) show a dispersion phenomenon. The ring parameter (I) has been shown to give considerable improvement when it is added as an hI term to the original Grunwald-Winstein and extended GrunwaldWinstein correlations for the solvolyses of N-methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl chlorides. This study has shown that the magnitude of l, m and h values associated with a change of solvent composition is able to predict the dissociative SN2 transition state. The kinetic solvent isotope effects determined in deuterated water are consistent with the proposed mechanism of the general base catalyzed and/or a dissociative S N2 mechanism channel for N-methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl chlorides solvolyses.
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