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The latest iteration of the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP Version 8) was released in December 2021. Compared with the other satellite precipitation products in the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess the merits and drawbacks of GSMaP V8, as the timely analysis is significant for both users and algorithm developers. This study conducts a multi-scale evaluation and comparison of daily and hourly precipitation from GSMaP V8, GSMaP V7 and the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) V06 across mainland China and eight climatic regions. The evaluation encompasses four aspects: detection of rain/no-rain events, quantification of precipitation amount, capturing diurnal cycle features, and monitoring extreme events. The results indicate that: (1) GSMaP V8 excels in distinguishing rain/no-rain events on both daily and hourly scales during summer and accurately quantifying winter precipitation, surpassing the performance of GSMaP V7 and IMERG V06. (2) In describing the diurnal cycle feature, GSMaP V8 outperforms V7 in eastern TP and the southern part of northeastern China, and surpasses IMERG V06 in the northeastern and northern China. (3) Compared with the IMERG V06, GSMaP V8 demonstrates superior agreement with gauge observations in monitoring the extreme precipitation and drought events in 2022. (4) Limitations of GSMaP V8 include diminished capacity to identify rain/no-rain events during winter in northwest China when compared to GSMaP V7. Additionally, it exhibits lower accuracy in estimating precipitation amount and diurnal cycle features over the TP in comparison to IMERG V06. While this study presents an early evaluation of GSMaP V8, the knowledge gained regarding its strengths and weaknesses holds crucial importance for the selection and application of satellite precipitation products in the hydrometeorology field during the GPM era.
Summary Background Garzê and Aba form the second largest Tibetan‐inhabited area of China. Blood services have never been reported for this region before. Objective To assess the current situation and analyse whether a safe and adequate blood supply has been developed in both Garzê and Aba. Methods We conducted a longitudinal survey covering the period 2011–2016. The subjects of interest were recruited from non‐remunerated voluntary donation, blood testing, clinical transfusion practices and infrastructure of local blood service systems. Results The donation rate and blood collection volume were below the average levels of both the Sichuan Province and mainland China. Component therapy was widely used, but inappropriate usage of whole blood existed. A lack of national specific standards for people on the plateaus led to local blood transfusions being conducted without full clinical assessment. Endemic and frequently occurring disease, such as hydatid disease and gastrointestinal disease, were inevitable risks for blood utilisation and safety. The potential influence of religious belief and traditions, like ‘male‐leaving marriages’, of Tibetans on donor recruitment and blood safety requires further research. Conclusions A relatively safe and complete blood service system has been developed in this region. However, there is still an urgent need for comprehensive and effective support from the government in terms of policies and finance. As an epidemic area of hydatid disease and sexually transmitted disease, this region needs to emphasise public health measures, such as blood safety and inappropriate usage of blood products.
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