S Kalpana

Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research

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Rita Christopher

National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences

Jayashree Vijaya Raghavan

Indian Institute of Science Bangalore

Siddharth Jhunjhunwala

Indian Institute of Science Bangalore

Bharath Gopinath

All India Institute of Medical Sciences

Shruthi Ksheera Sagar

Indian Institute of Science Bangalore

Jayaprakash Shenthar

Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research

Vinod Kumar Dorai

Indian Institute of Science Bangalore

Priyanka Arunachalam

Indian Institute of Science Bangalore

Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath

Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research

C. Sudha Kartha

Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology

Cooperative Institutions

Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research

National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences

Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University

Indian Council of Medical Research

Creative Commons

National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis

Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology

Institute of Medical Sciences

Indian Institute of Science Bangalore

Manipal Academy of Higher Education

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The prevalence of enteroviral RNA and protein in mitral valves of chronic rheumatic heart disease

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries (2021)

S Kalpana R. Saikant Manjunath C Nanjappa Anita Mahadevan R. S. Jayshree

Acute Rheumatic Fever/ Rheumatic Heart Disease (ARF/RHD), a sequel of group A streptococcal (GAS) infection, even today constitutes a public health issue in developing countries including India. Differences in the prevalence of ARF/RHD in countries with a similar prevalence of GAS infections indicate the role of other cofactors in pathogenesis of RHD.We investigated the prevalence of enterovirus (EV) in RHD by probing for both EV RNA and VP1 protein using Nonisotopic In Situ Hybridization (NISH) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) respectively in 75 valvectomy specimens obtained from RHD cases.Twenty-eight (37%) of the valves showed tissue inflammation with lymphocytic infiltration in a majority of the cases. Twenty-six and 27 (38% and 40%) of the 68 valves showed the presence of EV by IHC and NISH respectively, indicating a very good association between the two tests; however, only about 46 to 48% of them exhibited tissue inflammation. In eight cases (12%) the EV genome was detectable in absence of VP1 protein perhaps indicating a latent viral infection.Due to a high degree of endemicity of EV in India, we are tempted to speculate that EV may be responsible for the severity and rapid progression of RHD. The virus could either be working synergistically with GAS or could be an opportunist infecting damaged valves.

Pathogenesis

10.3855/jidc.12503

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Shear Stress Alterations Activate BMP4/pSMAD5 Signaling and Induce Endothelial Mesenchymal Transition in Varicose Veins

Cells (2021)

Karthika Chandran Latha Ahalya Sreekumar Vyshna Beena Binil Raj S.S.Ravikumar B. Lakkappa

Chronic venous diseases, including varicose veins, are characterized by hemodynamic disturbances due to valve defects, venous insufficiency, and orthostatism. Veins are physiologically low shear stress systems, and how altered hemodynamics drives focal endothelial dysfunction and causes venous remodeling is unknown. Here we demonstrate the occurrence of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in human varicose veins. Moreover, the BMP4-pSMAD5 pathway was robustly upregulated in varicose veins. In vitro flow-based assays using human vein, endothelial cells cultured in microfluidic chambers show that even minimal disturbances in shear stress as may occur in early stages of venous insufficiency induce BMP4-pSMAD5-based phenotype switching. Furthermore, low shear stress at uniform laminar pattern does not induce EndMT in venous endothelial cells. Targeting the BMP4-pSMAD5 pathway with small molecule inhibitor LDN193189 reduced SNAI1/2 expression in venous endothelial cells exposed to disturbed flow. TGFβ inhibitor SB505124 was less efficient in inhibiting EndMT in venous endothelial cells exposed to disturbed flow. We conclude that disturbed shear stress, even in the absence of any oscillatory flow, induces EndMT in varicose veins via activation of BMP4/pSMAD5-SNAI1/2 signaling. The present findings serve as a rationale for the possible use of small molecular mechanotherapeutics in the management of varicose veins.

Venous Valves

SNAI1

Endothelial Dysfunction

10.3390/cells10123563

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Citations (17)

TCTAP C-203 Post Bentall's Periconduit Aneurysm, Severe Paraconduit Leak, Aorta to Periconduit Fistula Periconduit to RA Fistula- a Challenging Successful Multiple Device Closures: Clinical-imaging-autopsy Correlation

Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)

Nagaraja Moorthy Rajiv Ananthakrishna Dattatreya PV S Kalpana C.N. Manjunath

10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.439

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Solitary parotid metastasis from columnar cell carcinoma of the thyroid: A diagnostic dilemma

Diagnostic Cytopathology (2003)

Hema Kini Radha R. Pai S Kalpana

Abstract A 65‐yr‐old woman presented in May 1998 with a left parotid mass of 2 yr duration. The cytology and histopathology of the parotid lesion showed features of a columnar cell carcinoma. In November, 1967, she was diagnosed to have a classic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Ultrasound examination revealed a persistent thyroid nodule, the aspiration cytology of which confirmed columnar cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (CCV‐PTC). CCV‐PTC is a recently described rare tumor of the thyroid that has been associated with an aggressive clinical course. Our case was peculiar in that the patient presented with an isolated metastasis in the parotid gland. Second, after an indolent course following the initial diagnosis of usual PTC 31 yr ago, she had now developed a more aggressive variant of the tumor. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:72–75. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Histopathology

Nodule (geology)

Columnar Cell

Psammoma body

10.1002/dc.10226

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Citations (24)

Association between sleep quality, duration and risk factor with hypertension among industrial workers - Case Control study

R Susendar R Susendar S Valarmathi S Valarmathi S Kalpana Jasmine S Sundar G Srinivas G Srinivas

Introduction: Sleep duration and sleep quality have been reported to be linked to an increased risk of hypertension among industrial workers. This study aimed to explore this association among industrial workers. Methods:A case-control study was conducted among 88 hypertensive patients and 175 control non-hypertensive groups from industrial workers. Data were collected using the Tamil-Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (T-PSQI) by personal interview with the hypertensive and control groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between sleep duration, sleep quality, and hypertension. Result:Out of 263 industrial workers, hypertension prevalence was 33.4%. Among shift workers, 46.7% reported poor sleep. Data on sleep duration and quality were collected via questionnaires. There was a statistical association between poor sleep quality and sleep duration. Conclusion:Sleeping more than 10 hours is associated with hypertension among industrial workers. Additionally, poor sleep quality is independently associated with ever-smoking individuals, and BMI is independently associated with short sleep duration (<7 hours) in these workers

Association (psychology)

Sleep

10.35629/4494-0905354359

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Intracranial metastasis from a glandular variant of atrial myxoma

Acta Neurochirurgica (2007)

Aliasgar Moiyadi Aliasagar Moiyadi Sampath Santhosh S Kalpana Anita Mahadevan

Neuroradiology

Left Atrial Myxoma

Histopathology

10.1007/s00701-007-1291-1

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Citations (34)

Stigma and discrimination of tuberculosis in India: A systematic review

International Journal of Applied Research (2021)

S Vendaviyas Shiffani Vijaya Sankari A S Kalpana Joseph Maria Adaikalam S

Background: Tuberculosis remains a major public health issue in India, with the country responsible for 1 in 5 of all confirmed TB cases worldwide. Tuberculosis and other communicable diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, leprosy, etc. have been associated by society for decades with stigma and discrimination; this may interfere with the lifestyle and management of disease among these patients. Objective: To perform a systematic literature review to assess the scenario of stigma, discrimination, and elimination of TB in India.Methods: The literature search was carried out using databases like PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The results were correlated and analysis was performed.Results: The studies projected various aspects of discrimination and stigma faced by TB patients. Further, detailed results will be discussed during the conference.Conclusion: Positive therapy interventions are recommended for advancing age and education patients with tuberculosis that can help reduce stigma and improve the quality of life.

Stigma

Social stigma

10.22271/allresearch.2021.v7.i1a.8140

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Citations (1)

Patterns of cytokine response in bcg vaccinated and BCG non-vaccinated children in the age group of 5-8 years in Chennai

European Journal of Experimental Biology (2012)

S Kalpana Swayam Prabha Verasingam Kumarasamy Manjula Datta

This study was conducted to understand the patterns of cytokine response in response to stimulation of lymphocytes with different mycobacterial antigens in BCG vaccinated and non-vaccinated children in the age group of 5-8yrs in Chennai. BCG vaccinated and non vaccinated children Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells were isolated and cultured with different mycobacterial antigens in RPMI medium and then after 48 hrs the supernatant was collected and the in vitro levels of Il-2, IFN-γ, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-beta were estimated in BCG vaccinated and non-vaccinated Mantoux positive and Mantoux negative children using sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Different antigens elicit different cytokine response irrespective of the group; however the response in a Mantoux positive group which has received BCG vaccination appears to be much lower than the BCG nonvaccinated Mantoux positive group. While no definite distinguishing pattern could be made out, the findings strongly suggest that the four groups are different from each other in terms of their ability to secrete cytokines in unstimulated cells as well as in response to external stimulation.

BCG vaccine

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Influence of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 Polymorphisms on Daily Acenocoumarol Dose Requirement in South Indian Patients With Mechanical Heart Valves

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis (2016)

S Kalpana Bharath Gopinath C.N. Manjunath Rita Christopher

Chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD) patients who undergo valve replacement with mechanical valves require lifelong anticoagulation. Acenocoumarol, a vitamin K antagonist has a narrow therapeutic range and wide inter-individual variability. Our aim was to investigate the influence of polymorphisms of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genes on the mean daily dose requirement of acenocoumarol.205 chronic RHD patients, with mechanical heart valves and on acenocoumarol therapy, were recruited. Genotyping for VKORC1 (-1639G>A and 1173C>T) and CYP2C9 (*2 & *3 alleles) polymorphisms was done by PCR-RFLP. There was complete linkage disequilibrium between VKORC1 polymorphisms (r2 = 0.98, D' = 1.0, LOD = 74.02). VKORC1 genotype distribution for GG/CC, GA/CT, and AA/TT were 57.6%, 36.1%, and 6.3%, respectively. CYP2C9 genotype distribution for *1/*1, *1/*3, *1/*2, *2/*2, and *2/*3 were 78.5%, 14.1%, 6.3%, 0.5%, and 0.5%, respectively. Patients with a wild type of both VKORC1 (-1639GG and 1173CC) and CYP2C9 gene variants required higher acenocoumarol dose compared to those with mutant genotype ( P = 0.023 and P = 0.008 respectively). On combined genotype analysis, patients having a combination of wild type of VKORC1 with wild type of CYP2C9 (44.4%) required higher daily dose compared to patients bearing heterozygous VKORC1 (-1639GA & 1173CT) with wild type of CYP2C9 (30.2%, P = 0.008).Presence of a mutant allele of VKORC1 (-1639A & 1173T) and CYP2C9 genes increased the odds of requiring a lower mean dosage of acenocoumarol. Studying the combination of genotypes in RHD patients could predict acenocoumarol dose requirement more accurately.

Acenocoumarol

VKORC1

10.1177/1076029616655617

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Histopathology and Morphometric Analysis of the Internal Mammary Artery to Study the Incidence of Atherosclerosis and Its Associated Risk Factors

World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery (2020)

Shilpa Suresh S Kalpana Hitender Kumar Sumithra Selvam Kumsi Sreedhar

Background: The left internal mammary artery (IMA) is widely used as a conduit for coronary revascularization. The incidence of atherosclerosis is known to be lower in the IMA than in the coronary artery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the use of the distal section of the IMA as an anastomotic site for bypass grafting and morphometric studies of IMA in patients with proven coronary artery disease and their associated risk factors. Methods: Patients who underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) from June 2010 to November 2012 were chosen in this retrospective study and the discarded distal segments of the internal mammary artery were analyzed. The potential risk factors for atherosclerosis considered were age, sex, diabetes mellitus, history of cigarette smoking, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The samples were analyzed for the degree of intimal thickening and atherosclerosis by calculating the percentage of Luminal Narrowing, Intimal Thickness Index (ITI) and Intima-to-Media Ratio (IMR). Results: There were seven cases of intimal hyperplasia and two cases of focal medial and intimal hyperplasia with fatty streak and no cases of atherosclerosis and medial calcification. ITI was higher in males when compared to females. There was a strong relationship between IMR and smokers when compared to nonsmokers. Conclusion: In our study, when ITI was used as the dependent variable, diabetes was the most important factor. When IMR was used, the strongest predictor was hypercholesterolemia. There was a strong relationship between IMR and smokers when compared to nonsmokers.

Intimal hyperplasia

Mammary artery

Coronary atherosclerosis

10.4236/wjcs.2020.106009

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