From the measurement of the specific heat of single crystalline samples of ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{3}{\mathrm{Pd}}_{20}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{6},$ we have constructed magnetic phase diagrams for a magnetic field up to 4 T, which disclose a pronounced anisotropy along the three principal directions of [100], [110], and [111]. We have found that both the quadrupolar and antiferromagnetic ordering temperatures exhibit distinct directional dependences on the external magnetic field and that new phase transitions evolve in the antiferromagnetic phase as well as in the ordered quadrupolar phase. These facts strongly suggest the existence of a complicated form of anisotropic interaction between the electric quadrupolar moment and the magnetic dipolar moment. The present result is briefly discussed in comparison with the reported one for ${\mathrm{CeB}}_{6}.$
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Powertrain development requires an efficient development process with no rework and model-based development (MBD). In addition, to performance design that achieves low CO<sub>2</sub> emissions is also required. Furthermore, it also demands fuel economy performance considering real-world usage conditions, and in North America, the EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) 5-cycle, which evaluates performance in a combination of various environments, is applied. This evaluation mode necessitates predicting performance while considering engine heat flow. Particularly, simulation technology that considers behavior based on engine temperature for Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is necessary.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Additionally, in the development trend of vehicle aerodynamic improvement, variable devices like Active Grille Shutter (AGS) are utilized to contribute to reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. When equipped with AGS, the engine's heat flow environment also changes, resulting in more complex phenomena in the engine compartment compared to the without AGS. As described above, simulation technology that consider behavior based on engine temperature and the behavior of aerodynamic improvement devices are crucial for identifying trade-offs in vehicle performance.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this study, after clarifying the functions and models required to predict the fuel economy of the EPA 5-cycle, an engine thermal plant have been constructed and coupled with vehicle simulation. The vehicle simulation achieved highly accurate EPA 5-cycle fuel economy prediction. Furthermore, a conceptual-level Co-Simulation environment, suitable for early-stage development was utilized to study performance requirements. This was followed by transitioning to a detailed-level Co-Simulation environment that meets the necessary specifications during the mid-term of development. The conceptual-level Co-Simulation environment allows for clarifying the performance requirements of each device in the early stages of development. The detailed-level Co-Simulation environment enables optimization control after determining the hardware specifications in the mid-term of development.</div></div>
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
The ITER Vacuum Vessel (VV) is a complex torus-shaped configuration with a double-walled structure and the main function is to provide a high degree of vacuum for DT operation and form an enclosure for containing radioactive materials. Such structural uniqueness requires quite different technologies and implementations from the existing plant, so that technical rules are to be evolved on design, fabrication and examination for assuring its structural reliability. A new code concept, namely system-based code for integrity, has been developed so as to optimize the total reliability to be attained for ITER operation, considering unique structural features and safety attractiveness. This paper describes structural features of the ITER VV from code standpoint and basic approach to code application, together with on-going research activities for supporting the code development.