Background: Premature infants experience many problems during their stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Premature birth creates a sense of loss in family members, especially mothers, and causes tension and stress. Moreover, inefficient coping strategies increase stress, incompatibility, and mental problems. Objectives: In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an empowerment program of stress coping strategies for mothers of preterm infants, admitted to the NICU. Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 70 mothers of premature infants, divided into the intervention and control groups. The empowerment program included 4 stages of behavioral training: first stage, 2 - 4 days after the infant's hospitalization; second stage, 2 - 4 days after the first stage; third stage, 1 - 3 days before the infant's discharge; and fourth stage, 1 week after discharge. At each stage, the mothers listened to an audio file related to the corresponding stage. The control group received information and routine care according to the hospital policies. To assess the stress-coping strategies, mothers completed a questionnaire once before the program and once before the infant's discharge. To analyze the data, Chi square test, t test, and paired t test were used in SPSS version 16. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the groups in terms of the mean score of problem-focused coping (P < 0.2), emotion-focused coping (P < 0.003), and inefficient coping (P < 0.1) after the implementation of the empowerment program. This led to the increased use of problem-focused coping strategies and reduced use of emotion-focused and inefficient strategies in the empowerment group, although no significant difference was observed versus the controls (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Implementation of the empowerment program for mothers of premature infants increased the use of problem-focused coping and reduced the use of emotion-focused and inefficient coping strategies.
Background: Self-efficacy is a crucial factor in controlling adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Subsequently the negative behavioral reactions such as adversely affect on self-efficacy. Therefore, interventions are essential to reduce the and to improve the self- efficacy in these patients.
Aim: To determine the efficacy of the modified aggression replacement program on self-efficacy of adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes.
Methods: In this clinical trial, 70 adult subjects with IDDM who were referred to Parsian Diabetes clinic of Mashhad in 2014 were divided into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention program, including three aspects including: anger control training, social skills training and moral reasoning training was performed in five sessions, each 1.5-2 hours. A five-day interval was between the sessions and each group consisted of 8-10 individuals. The self-management standard questionnaire of “insulin-dependent diabetes management self-efficacy scale (IDMSE)” was filled before the intervention and two months afterwards. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 11.5 with paired and Independent t-tests.
Results: In this study, 38.5 and 61.5 percent of the subjects were boys and girls, respectively with total mean age of 15.9±2. The self-efficacy of the subjects before the intervention was not significantly different within the groups (p=0/57). Nevertheless in post-intervention assessment, the self-efficacy of the Intervention group significantly increased (49.0±11.1) compared to the control group (33.7±5.5) (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Our findings revealed the modified replacement training programs can be effective in improving the self-efficacy of adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the implementation of the program is recommended as part of comprehensive treatment programs for management of IDDM.
Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the effect of implementing rehabilitation programs using an augmented reality (AR) coupled pamphlet on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with face/neck burns. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients (intervention = 30, control = 30) admitted to the burn center of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Patients in the intervention group performed their rehabilitation program using AR coupled pamphlet during 6 weeks, while control patients used simple pamphlet. The Burn-Specific Health Scale for Face and Neck (BSHS-FN) was completed at the beginning, and 2 and 6 weeks after the intervention. The results for 2 weeks after intervention measures in model 1 ANCOVA showed significant raise of measures only for Hand function (P = .035). However, for the total QOL score and other domains the differences were not significant (All P > .05). Adjusting for confounders, model 2 ANCOVA showed similar results for 2 weeks after intervention. However, in both models, the results indicated significant intervention effect for 6 weeks after intervention in QOL score and all domains (All P < .05), so that the amount of increase in measures were significantly higher in the intervention group. According to the findings, implementing rehabilitation program for patients with face and neck burns using AR coupled pamphlet can improve their QOL.
To assess postpartum sexual function in mothers using different infant feeding methods.The comparative cross-sectional study comprising women referred to health centres in Mashhad, Iran, was conducted from July 7 to December 11, 2011. Sexual function and infant-feeding method of the subjects were assessed four months after childbirth. Data was collected using the standard Female Sexual Function Index and baby's feeding method questionnaire. SPSS 11.5 was used for statistical analysis.There were 366 women in the study with a mean age of 26.70±4.70 years who were using four methods of infant-feeding: exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding plus complementary feeding, formula milk, and breastfeeding plus formula. There was a significant difference between women's sexual function score and infant-feeding method (p=0.04). The highest score 6.23±3.5 belonged to women who had exclusive breastfeeding.There was a difference in women's sexual function between different groups of infant feeding methods. The highest score of sexual function was found in breastfeeding women. Women need to be educated about exclusive breastfeeding and its positive effects on sexual function.
Background: Aging population growth is accompanied by the risk of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. Medication nonadherence is one of the problems affecting patients, especially elderly individuals with high blood pressure. Aim: The present study aimed to determine the effect of an educational program based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on medication adherence in older adults suffering from hypertension. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60-year-old elderly people referring to health centers in Mashhad, Iran, during 2017. To this end, the intervention group received education on medication adherence while the control group was only subjected to typical routine services. The data were analyzed in SPSS Software (Version 20) through the independent t-test, Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The mean ages of the participants in the intervention and control groups were 69.1±8.3 and 63.9±6.7 years, respectively. The post-test mean score of medication adherence obtained by the intervention group was 6.7±0.5 that was significantly higher than that of the control group (3.7±1.0) (P˂0.001). Moreover, the mean score of medication adherence in the intervention group had significantly increased in the post-test phase (P˂0.001) based on the within-group results of the paired t-test. Implications for Practice: The HBM might improve medication adherence in elderly individuals with hypertension by changing their beliefs. Therefore, it was recommended to use this model for teaching self-care to older adults suffering from chronic illnesses and also in other senior healthcare centers.
Background: Despite the fact that both men and women are equally subject to infertility, it is usually women who bear the burden of treatment and its consequences, even in cases of male infertility.Therefore, it is more necessary to recognize their health problems in order to help them.Aim: To explore women's perceptions and experiences of the challenges they face in the process of male infertility treatment.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted during 2014-2015 using content analysis.Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with women whose husbands suffered from male infertility.Purposive sampling was conducted until data saturation was achieved.All interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using conventional content analysis adopted by Graneheim and Lundman.Results: From data analysis, the major category of "treatment-related stresses" and four subcategories of "high treatment expenses", "inefficiency of healthcare system", "being captive in the infertility treatment" and "treatment failure" emerged.Conclusion: Experiences of women who face male infertility indicate their various concerns in the process of treatment.Therefore, it is required to develop emotional and financial support for the clients and to promote their quality of healthcare services.In addition, awareness of treatment challenges of these women can assist proper planning to promote the quality of services they need.
Background: One of the most common causes of referal of women of childbearing age to physician is the cyclic mastalgia. The present study was performed due to the similar mechanism of action of fish oil and vitamin E in reducing this pain. Aim: To determine the effect of fish oil and vitamin E on duration of Cyclic mastalgia. Methods: This Triple-blind clinical trial was performed on 70 women (15 to 49 years) suffered from cyclical mastalgia. Patients were divided into two study groups with 35 patients in each group, included: 1. Fish oil 3gr/day, 2. Vitamin E 400 unit daily. Breast pain duration was evaluated before the study and 1 and 2 months after the intervention, In addition, medication side effects were assessed after an intervention. Data after collected by registration table of breast pain duration was analysed by SPSS statistical software (version16). Chi-square, repeated measures ANOVA, independent and paired-t tests were performed. Results: The mean of breast pain duration in fish oil group before an intervention was 9/3±3/4 and was decreased to 2/5±4/5 2 months after the fish oil consumption. Also in Vitamin E group this mount decreased from 9/5±3/3 to2/2±3/5. Overally the mean scores of breast pain duration decreased before and after the intervention in both groups (P<0/001). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study and the absence of serious drug side effects, fish oil and Vitamin E with similar therapeutic effects in the treatment of cyclic mastalgia, can be a viable alternative to other hazardous drugs in this field.
Background & aim: Dysmenorrhea also known as menstrual cramp or painful period is one of the most prevalent health issues among women. There are contradictory evidence regarding the impact of childbirth on the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. Also, only pain severity has been examined, as one of the clinical features of dysmenorrea in most related literature and the other characteristics of pain including duration, quality, location, as well as the associated symptoms have been overlooked. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the patterns of primary dysmenorrhea before and after childbirth in primiparous women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 124 primiparous women with only one delivery were examined. The multistage sampling method was used to select the subjects who referred to the healthcare centers of Mashhad, Iran in 2010. The research tools included a demographic questionnaire, a form to record menstrual pattern, and verbal multidimensional scoring system for assessment of severity of dysmenorrhea. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Cohen’s kappa coefficient using SPSS. Results: The findings showed statistical significant differences in all pain characteristics before and three cycles after childbirth including pain severity (P1<0.001, P2<0.001, and P3<0.001), duration (P1<0.001, P2<0.001, and P3<0.001), quality (P1<0.001, P2<0.001, and P3<0.001), location (P1<0.001, P2<0.001, and P3<0.001), and associated symptoms (P1<0.001, P2<0.001, and P3<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, childbirth could alter the pattern of primary dysmenorrhea including severity, duration, quality, and location, as well as associated symptoms. It seems that childbirth could be accepted as a factor influencing the pattern of primary dysmenorrhea.
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