Background: Genetics could be one of the factors in determining oral health and disease in families and the interplay of genetics with environmental factors can affect the prevalence of oral diseases. Aim: To evaluate the genetic influence on dental caries and malocclusion. Objective: To assess the prevalence of dental caries and malocclusion in the family tree. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 26 families of Barwala, District Panchkula, Haryana, India. Clinical examination was conducted to assess dental caries [Decayed Filled Surface Index (DFS/dfs)] and malocclusion (Dental Aesthetic Index). Heritability within the study population was assessed within the pairs: grandparent–grandchildren pair and parent–children pair. Data were analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics version-24. Results: Dental caries prevalence in grandfather–grandchildren pairs was 35.29% as compared to grandmother–grandchildren pair (36.36%), whereas father–children pair had 38% and mother–children pair had 42.59%. Statistically significant results were obtained for caries in grandmother–grandchildren pairs, father–children pair, and mother–children pair but not for grandfather–grandchildren. The prevalence of malocclusion in grandfather–grandchildren pairs was 70.58% as compared to grandmother–grandchildren pairs (13.63%), whereas the father–children pair had 52% and mother-children pair had 20.37%. Statistically, a significant result was obtained for a malocclusion among grandparent–grandchildren pair and parent–children pair. Conclusion: This study attempts at defining genetic implications in dental caries and malocclusion process. Caries prevalence was higher in mother–children pairs than in the father-children pair. The grandfather–grandchildren pairs had a higher prevalence of malocclusion than grandmother-grandchildren pairs. Thus, the study leads to improved understanding and prevention of the factors leading to them.
This paper presents the transitivity analysis of W. H. Auden’s poem “In Memory of W. B. Yeats” to describe the process types, participants' functions, and the circumstantial elements that characterize the text of the poem. The study also aims to explain the meaning of the text as to how it is created using experiential metafunction. This is the qualitative descriptive and quantitative study of the text; the clause is taken as the unit of analysis; the quantitative part of the study provides the frequency and percentage of the occurrences of process types, participants, and the circumstantial elements. The transitivity analysis is based on Halliday’s model of transitivity analysis presented by Thompson (2014). The findings are presented in the form of tables. The study found that process types that characterize text are material (52.6 %), relational (31.57 %), mental (8.77 %), verbal (5.26 %) while the behavioral one is (1.75 %). The dominant occurrence of the material and relational process shows that the writer has described the action and the relation of people after the death of Yeast as his death has changed nothing, the life goes on. The participants that characterize the text of the poem include actor (29.16 %), goal (13.88 %), carrier (18.05 %), attribute (13.88 %) as the dominant participants other are few. The circumstantial elements in the text are location (37.5 %), manner (32.14 %), contingence (21.42 %), extent, cause, accompaniment, and role, the dominant occurrence of location, manner, and contingence show the loss of poet has not changed the situation or the circumstances and show how the writer is describing the situation.
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