Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In a wireless sensor network, the randomly and widely deployed sensors are powered by battery, which is impossible to get recharged after deployment. Thus, energy efficiency of the sensor nodes is an important issue in wireless sensor networks for guaranteeing the network's lifetime. Clustering is one of the most popular and effective topologies in wireless sensor networks as it reduces the whole network's energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a load balanced clustering scheme, which distributes the cluster head nodes' heavy burden to other assistant nodes, and takes multi-hop scheme to transmit the aggregated data to the base station. Furthermore, in the cluster formation phase, we select the cluster node by combining the distance factor and the residual energy factor. As a result, this clustering scheme balances the whole network's energy consumption, and prolongs the network's lifetime. At last, we conduct some simulations in NS-2, and the results show that the proposed scheme prolongs the network lifetime longer than LEACH and EECS do.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
We assessed the relationship between gut microbiome profile and childhood eczema in 172 subjects (age < 3 years, healthy group N = 123, eczema group N = 49) utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Lower relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was shown to be associated with childhood eczema. Considering that developmental and environmental factors could modify the state of children's gut microbiome, we divided the samples into four age groups: 0-0.5 years, 0.5-1 years, 1-2 years and 2-3 years for farther analyses. Data revealed significant inter-group differences between healthy and eczema samples in all age groups, and decreased microbial diversity was most significantly found in children with eczema of age 2-3 years old. Decreased abundance of Bifidobacterium was a major finding in eczema groups from 0.5-3 years compared to the age matched healthy controls, but not significant in children younger than 6 month old. Of note, Bifidobacterium operational taxonomic units were identified by Random Forest with highly predictive power of 0.83 (AUC = 0.83) in ROC analysis, which also confirmed its role as a key genus that is associated with eczema. To verify the sequencing results, we performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides in the same cohort, and in a new eczema cohort (N = 57) for validation. Significantly, lower Bifidobacterium quantities were found in both eczema groups with an age range of 0.5-3 years. These results suggest variations in early gut microbiome are associated with childhood eczema.
Objective
To evaluate core needle biopsy (CNB) in detecting estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) of HER2, Ki67, and molecular classification of breast cancer.
Methods
Clinical data of 188 breast cancer patients admitted from Nov 2012 to Jun 2015, were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received both CNB and open excision biopsy (OEB). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate the expression of ER, PR, HER2 and Ki67. All cases were categorized into four molecular subtypes: Luminal A, Luminal B, triple negative breast cancer and HER2 over-expression breast cancer. Kappa test was used to evaluate the consistency of CNB and OEB.
Results
Concordance rate of ER, PR, HER2 receptor status and Ki67 value were 94.68%, 93.62%, 94.68% and 73.40%. There was no difference between CNB and OEB for non- Luminal tumors (P=0.774). Ki67 expression in OEB samples was higher than in CNB samples (25.90% vs. 21.65%, P<0.001). Concordance rate between CNB and OEB for molecular subtypes was 72.34% (K=0.606 4).
Conclusions
CNB is accurate in evaluating ER, PR, HER2 and Ki67 in breast cancer. CNB is accurate in diagnosing non-Luminal molecular subtypes of breast cancer.
Key words:
Breast neoplasms; Biopsy, needle; Molecular typing; Ki-67 antigen
NNMT uses SAM as a cofactor to catalyze the methylation of nicotinamide, producing 1-methylnicotinamide. Recent studies have shown that NNMT upregulation in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is required to maintain the CAF phenotype in high-grade serous carcinoma. These observations suggest that NNMT should be evaluated as a therapeutic target, especially in cancer. Although several small-molecule inhibitors of NNMT have been identified, there remains a need for highly potent and selective inhibitors with excellent in vivo activity and ADME properties that can be used as reliable chemical probes. We have identified azaindoline carboxamide 38 as a selective and potent NNMT inhibitor with favorable PK/PD and safety profiles as well as excellent oral bioavailability and pharmaceutical properties. Our mechanistic studies indicate that 38 binds uncompetitively with SAM but competitively with nicotinamide consistent with its binding in the nicotinamide binding site and likely forming a positive interaction with SAM.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.