The healthy development of the power spot market is of great significance to the power economic system. To achieve long-term stable operation of the spot market, it is necessary to improve market construction from multiple aspects. This paper selects indicators from eight aspects: compliance, partic
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) occurs that cannot effectively use the insulin. Insulin Resistance (IR) is a significant characteristic of T2DM which is also an essential treatment target in blood glucose regulation to prevent T2DM and its complications. Bile acids (BAs) are one group of bioactive metabolites synthesized from cholesterol in liver. BAs play an important role in mutualistic symbiosis between host and gut microbiota. It is shown that T2DM is associated with altered bile acid metabolism which can be regulated by gut microbiota. Simultaneously, BAs also reshape gut microbiota and improve IR and T2DM in the bidirectional communications of the gut-liver axis. This article reviewed the findings on the interaction between BAs and gut microbiota in improving T2DM, which focused on gut microbiota and its debinding function and BAs regulated gut microbiota through FXR/TGR5. Meanwhile, BAs and their derivatives that are effective for improving T2DM and other treatments based on bile acid metabolism were also summarized. This review highlighted that BAs play a critical role in the glucose metabolism and may serve as therapeutic targets in T2DM, providing a reference for discovering and screening novel therapeutic drugs.
PURPOSE: To investigate the molecular mechanism of Lactobacillus combined with aerobic exercise to improve lipid metabolism in T2D mice by regulating mitochondrial function. METHODS: T2D mice were induced by high-fat diet combined with streptozocin and randomly divided into four groups: T2D group (M), probiotics group (TP), aerobic exercise group (TE), and probiotics combined with aerobic exercise group (TPE). Mice in TP and TPE group were given Lactobacillus by gavage (1 × 109 CFU/kg·BW/d). Mice in TE and TPE group were trained on the treadmill for 1 hour a day with 60% VO2max (15 m/min), slope 5°, 5 days a week. After 8 weeks of intervention, serum TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C were detected by ELISA kit. Sacrifice mice for sampling. The protein expressions of SIRT1, PGC-1α and NRF-1 in gastrocnemius were detected by western blotting. RESULTS: 1. Compared with M, TC, TG, and LDL-C in TPE were significantly decreased (5.29 ± 0.26 vs. 5.99 ± 0.13, P < 0.01, 5.67 ± 1.01 vs. 6.69 ± 0.55, 1.20 ± 0.19 vs. 1.68 ± 0.38 mmol/L, P < 0.05), and HDL-C was significantly increased (6.78 ± 0.28 vs. 4.38 ± 0.48 mmol/L, P < 0.01). TC, TG and LDL-C in TE were significantly decreased (5.32 ± 0.34 vs. 5.99 ± 0.13, 5.55 ± 0.75 vs. 6.69 ± 0.55, P < 0.01, 1.36 ± 0.19 vs. 1.68 ± 0.38 mmol/L, P < 0.05), and HDL-C level was significantly increased (6.74 ± 0.68 vs. 4.38 ± 0.48 mmol/L, P < 0.01). TC, TG and LDL-C in the TP group were also significantly decreased (5.62 ± 0.35 vs. 5.99 ± 0.13, 5.71 ± 0.48 vs. 6.69 ± 0.55, 1.39 ± 0.20 vs. 1.68 ± 0.38 mmol/L, P < 0.05), and HDL-C level was also significantly increased (6.69 ± 0.72 vs. 4.38 ± 0.48 mmol/L, P < 0.01). 2. Compared with M, the protein expressions of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and NRF-1 in TPE were up-regulated by 1.6, 2.6, and 1.35 times, respectively (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, compared with TP, the protein expressions of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and NRF-1 in TPE were increased by 31.9%, 85.7%, and 6.3%. Compared with TE, the expressions of SIRT1 and PGC-1α in TPE were increased by 7.5% and 30%. CONCLUSION: Lactobacillus combined with aerobic exercise may regulate mitochondrial function through SIRT1/PGC-1α/NRF-1 pathway and effectively improve lipid metabolism in T2D mice. Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020MC018), Shandong Province graduate education quality curriculum construction project (SDYKC21204).
Since the policy of the green credit was carried on in July of 2007, the commercial banks have been supporting the project of energy saving measures increasingly day by day. However, the size of the loan for highly energy-consuming companies is not cut enormously, but raised continuously. This paper is discussing the cause of the increasing loan for highly energy-consuming companies by the method of mathematical analysis from the perspective of risk expectation. The main reason for this phenomenon is the limitation of wealth threshold and risk threshold, which are the principal factors to the judgment on the investment projects success ratio of commercial bank. In the long and dynamic process, the success ratio determined by commercial bank is based on the investment experience in the previous period. In sum, the suggestions and measures are proposed to promote the standardization development of green credit.
With the continuous development and improvement of the spot market, a large number of electricity sales companies are registered and set up, and they begin to participate in the purchase and sale of electricity as intermediaries between wholesale market and retail market. Then, the electricity prices in the spot market and the real-time market are connected and coupled with the sales prices in the retail market. In this paper, in order to work out the package price level suitable for users' utility and satisfying the company's profit, a set of ideas of package optimization electricity price is established: combining with the analysis of electricity purchase cost of electricity sales companies in the spot market, the user selection model of electricity retail package based on utility maximization is established, and then the optimized pricing model of electricity retail package is further established based on the risk profit of electricity sales.
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most significant long‑term complications in terms of morbidity and mortality for diabetic patients; however, the exact cause remains unknown. To address this, the DN model was established, and oxidative stress indexes, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑Px), and inflammatory cytokines, includinginterleukin‑6 (IL‑6), tumor necrosis factor‑alpha (TNF‑α) and transforming growth factor‑beta (TGF‑β), were examined by ELISA. Renal pathological alterations and cell apoptosis was examined by hematoxylin and eosin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick‑end labeling staining, respectively. The expression levels of B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl‑2 associated X (Bax) and caspase‑3 wereexamined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The DN model was correctly established, with lower body weight and the higher blood glucose in the diabetes model group. The expression levels of SOD and GSH‑Px were significantly decreased in the diabetes model group; however, MDA, IL‑6, TNF‑α and TGF‑β were significantly increased. The kidney was severely damaged in the diabetes model group, with inflammatory cell invasion, increasing amount of interstitial matrix and hypertrophy with vacuolar degeneration of renal tubular cells. Cell apoptosis levels were significantly increased, and Bcl‑2 was significantly decreased in the diabetes model group in contrast with that of the sham group; however, Bax and caspase‑3 were significantly increased. It suggested that increased oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines may enhance the apoptosis levels in DN, and may provide a significant diagnostic reference for DN in diabetes patients.
AIM:To study the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity of halothane.METHODS:The effect of different concentration of halothane and sevoflurane on mitochondrial membrane phospholipids composition of rat liver were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technology.RESULTS:Halothane at low concentration could degrade mitochondrial membrane major phospholipids and increase lysophosph-atidylcholine.CONCLUSION:The pathogenesis of halothane hepatotoxicity was the phospholipids variation on liver mitochondria.
We pioneered an angle-adjustable photonic crystal fluorescence platform (APC-Fluor) that integrates PCs, an angular resolution spectrometer and a strategically aligned laser source. This configuration, featuring a coaxial rotating swing arm, allows for precise control over the angles of incidence and emission. The presence of photonic crystal microcavities facilitates the dispersion of fluorescent materials and promotes the transition of electrons from the excited state to the lowest vibrational energy level. The optical resonance effect triggered by modulating the alignment of the reflection peaks of the photonic crystals with the emission peaks of the fluorescent materials can significantly enhance the fluorescence intensity. Compared with the single BSA-AuNCs, the optimized fluorescence intensity can be significantly increased by 11.9-fold. The APC-Fluor system showcases rapid and highly sensitive detection capabilities for oxytetracycline (OTC), exhibiting a response across a concentration range from 2 to 1 × 10
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