E. A. Paul

Michigan State University

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E. L. Schmidt

University of Utah

Fiona Clark

Queen's University Belfast

Sherri J. Morris

Bradley University

W. A. Rice

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Shivani Mathur

MNR Dental College and Hospital

Dean E. Arnold

Field Museum of Natural History

Richard T. Conant

Colorado State University

H P Collins

United States Department of Agriculture

R.W. Light

C A Cole

Center for Veterinary Medicine

Cooperative Institutions

University of Wisconsin–Madison

University of Saskatchewan

Agricultural Research Service

Internationale Akademie Berlin

Colorado State University

Madison Group (United States)

Highland Community College - Illinois

United States Department of Agriculture

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center

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MICROBIAL UTILIZATION OF SOIL HUMIC ACIDS

Canadian Journal of Microbiology (1967)

Shivani Mathur E. A. Paul

Soil organisms capable of growth on humates were isolated by direct plating and enrichment culture techniques. A strain of Penicillium frequentans, which was selected for further studies, utilized 32% of the humates supplied in replacement-shake cultures. Elemental and spectroscopic analyses of the 'original' and 'surviving' humates showed that the fungus preferred the aromatic moiety to the non-aromatic, nitrogen-rich portion as a source of carbon.Gel filtration studies demonstrated that 69% of the humates had molecular weights between 5000 and 50,000. The fraction (13%) with molecular weight above 50,000 was degraded to the largest extent, resulting in the production of some intermediate and small-sized molecules.It was suggested that this strain of penicillium was suitable for biodegradation studies aimed at characterizing soil humic materials.

Strain (injury)

Carbon fibers

10.1139/m67-074

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Citations (54)

Biological and molecular structure analysis of the controls on soil organic matter dynamics

E. A. Paul K. Magrini-Baer Richard T. Conant R. F. Follet Sherri J. Morris

Dynamics

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The Natural Environment and the Biogeochemical Cycles

The handbook of environmental chemistry (1980)

P. J. Craig John Emsley D. J. Faulkner Ping Huang E. A. Paul

Biogeochemical Cycle

10.1007/978-3-540-38516-5

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EFFECT OF CARBON ADDITIONS ON SOIL LABILE INORGANIC, ORGANIC AND MICROBIALLY HELD PHOSPHATE

Canadian Journal of Soil Science (1979)

Bhagirath Singh Chauhan John Stewart E. A. Paul

Investigations of the rate of P movement between soil inorganic, organic and biomass P compartments were carried out to clarify aspects of P cycling in soil systems. Organic carbon, as dried grass (33% C, 0.11% P) and cellulose (43% C), was added at a rate equivalent to 4000 kg organic material (OM)∙ha −1 every 30 days for 9 mo to the Ap horizon of a Chernozemic Black soil kept at field capacity moisture content and 24 ± 2 °C. In a third treatment, cellulose was added at the same rate with P (20 kg∙ha −1 ) at KH 2 PO 4 . Approximately 39% and 22% of the P added in grass and with cellulose, respectively, was found in organic P forms after 9 mo incubation. The remainder was found in NH 4 Cl-, NH 4 F- and NaOH-NaCl-extractable P forms which constituted part of the labile inorganic P pool and could be extracted by an anion exchange resin. Increases of biomass P during the first 4 or 5 days of each incubation period after residue addition were found to average 12 μg P∙g −1 in the first 3 mo incubation period. After this period, there was a smaller response in microbial P attributable to additions of grass or cellulose.

Residue (chemistry)

10.4141/cjss79-044

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Citations (72)

Behaviour of free amino acids in soil.

E. L. Schmidt Hugh D. Putnam E. A. Paul

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Extraction of Free Amino Acids from Soil

Soil Science Society of America Journal (1960)

E. A. Paul E. L. Schmidt

Abstract Alternatives to extraction with ethanol were examined in order to obtain more effective removal of free amino acids from soil. Ba(OH) 2 was a promising extractant and proved to be very effective in recovering a mixture of 17 amino acids that had been added to soil. Resolution of the extract by elution chromatography was followed by colorimetric analysis; 73 to 121% of the acidic and neutral components of the mixture and 36 to 41% of the basic amino acids were recovered. A second extraction procedure, based on the use of NH 4 OAc, was developed to avoid any slight hydrolysis of amino acid polymers that may have occurred during preparation of Ba(OH) 2 extracts. The NH 4 OAc extraction procedure was 31 to 83% effective in the recovery of added amino acids from soil. When both extraction techniques were applied in preliminary trials to characterize the free amino acids fraction of a soil, the NH 4 OAc extraction was considered the better. Both NH 4 OAc and Ba(OH) 2 extractions yielded many more kinds of free amino acids in concentrations 5 to 25 times greater than that reported earlier in comparable studies using ethanol extraction.

Fraction (chemistry)

10.2136/sssaj1960.03615995002400030021x

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Citations (49)

Soil Biochemistry

Soil Science Society of America Journal (1970)

E. A. Paul

10.2136/sssaj1970.03615995003400010003x

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Vulnerability of selected lakes and streams in the Middle Atlantic region to acidification: a regional survey. Final report

Dean E. Arnold R.W. Light E. A. Paul

Vulnerability

Ocean Acidification

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THE ROLE OF ANAEROBIOSIS IN ASYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXATION

Canadian Journal of Microbiology (1967)

W. A. Rice E. A. Paul L. R. Wetter

Microbial fixation of atmospheric nitrogen was measured in soil amended with ground wheat straw and incubated at two moisture levels (field capacity and waterlogged). Fixation equivalent to 42–52 kg/ha in the soil at field capacity and 13–150 kg/ha in the waterlogged soil was observed using 15 N techniques when the soil was amended with 1% straw or less. Using both 15 N and Kjeldahl techniques, high rates of fixation (500–1000 kg/ha) were measured in soils amended with 5–20% straw and incubated under waterlogged conditions.The high levels of nitrogen fixation in this study can be attributed to a combination of (a) aerobic conditions required to break down the plant residues and (b) anaerobic sites which are essential for significant fixation rates. The Clostridia are strongly implicated in this process in nature. Upon incubation in the laboratory, the nitrogen-fixing clostridia increased 1000-fold in the water-saturated soil and 100-fold in the field capacity soil. These organisms were also active in field soils throughout the growing season. Identification studies indicated that these organisms were primarily Clostridium butyricum.

Clostridia

Clostridium butyricum

Nitrogen Cycle

10.1139/m67-109

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Citations (51)

Phosphorus Transformations in Soil

Elsevier eBooks (1989)

E. A. Paul Fiona Clark

10.1016/b978-0-12-546805-3.50015-1

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Citations (11)