The selection of a hull design with minimal drag is an important effort to reduce emission levels on ships. Two different hull shapes, U and V hulls, have unique properties that affect their drag production, which has been studied extensively in the past. This study aims to re-examine the differences between the two hull types by conducting a simple analysis of drag prediction results using empirical and numerical slender body methods. Both hull models in this study have the same size and volume. The results indicate that the U hull has a higher frictional resistance ( ) than the V hull due to its wider wetted surface area ( ). Additionally, the viscous pressure resistance ( ) and form factor coefficient ( ) of the U hull are also higher than those of the V hull. However, for Froude numbers (Fr) above 0.245, the U hull has lower wave resistance ( ) than the V hull, whereas for Fr below 0.245, the U hull has higher . Overall, the U hull produces a higher total resistance ( ) than the V hull at low speeds, but a lower at high speeds. Therefore, the choice of hull shape for minimizing a ship's resistance is influenced by the desired speed of service. If Fr is low, below 0.24, a V-shaped hull is more suitable. However, if Fr is higher than 0.24, a U-shaped hull is more appropriate.
Choosing the right hull shape is important in designing a ship, for example, a U-section or V-section of the hull. The hull shape will affect various aspects, such as design, resistance, seakeeping, structure and production. The ship hull must be properly designed so that it can operate according to the ship’s mission. From the seakeeping aspect of the ship's motion at sea, the difference in the hull shape will result in different motions and dynamic effects such as the slamming phenomenon. Based on the difference in the hull shape cases, this study analyzed the difference in the probability of slamming between the U and V hulls. Both hulls were made based on Formdata and almost all parameters were made the same. Parameters that cannot be forced to be the same are WSA (wetted surface area), (coefficient of waterplane area), and (distance of keel to buoyancy), where those parameters determine the difference in the results. The calculation of RAO (operator amplitude response) was obtained using the strip theory method which assisted by Maxsurf Motion software. The results became the input for the calculation of the slamming probability. The study results show that the U hull has a higher probability of slamming occurrence than that of the V hull, with the difference in values ranging from 20% to 35%. Therefore, the U hull will get more frequent slamming loads, so it has the potential to have a higher structural failure (fatigue) than that of the V hull.
ABSTRACT This thesis is studies of Analysis To Investigation Process Resistance of Mutilation Crime of Public Facility Resulted By Demonstration. By the legal and social legal reseach method, obtained conclusion that : 1. Execution resistance of Investigation of mutilation crime of public facility resulted by demonstration is determine surely who is main perpetrator (pleger), who orders does (doenpleger), who haves a share does (medepleger), and who is man who is suggesting does (uitlokker), mutilation of public facility is intended. All the things, must be provable in accurate figure, valid and assures. In here is required expertise and accuracy of investigator to express elements Section Criminal Law impinged. There are some Section liable Criminal Law to mutilation perpetrator of public facility, that is : Section 170, 192, 193, 197, 200, 201 Criminal Law Jo Section 55 and Section 56 Criminal Law. 2. One of strategic effort done by National Indonesia Police to overcome the happening of mutilation of public facility by taste bearer is by publishing Head Of Republic of indonesia State Police Regulation Number 9, 2008 about Management Procedures of Service, Security and Handling of Submission Case of Public Opinion held company. Based on this regulation, besides arranged by demonstration participant rights and obligations carefully also is arranged about handling procedures of collision case, straightening, phase straightening, standard straightening, perpetrator, evidence goods handling standard, solving of case. Hereinafter is recommended in expection of frame to guarantee execution of independence of forwarding of publicly held company opinion, beside through approach of preventive and represive, also is done through effort pre-emptive that is through construction of harmonious relationship between officers with public. To create the harmonious relationship, can be done effort and activity: socialization of rule the management of independence forwarding of publicly held company opinion among public to get the picture and adheres order applied; understanding to whole officer about execution procedure of service duty, security, handling of independence case forwarding of publicly held company opinion, so that execution of duty in enforceable field professionally and proportional. ABSTRAK Tesis ini membahas masalah Analisis Terhadap Hambatan Proses Penyidikan Tindak Pidana Perusakan Fasilitas Publik Yang Diakibatkan Unjuk Rasa. Dari hasil penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dan Sosiologis, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa : 1. Hambatan pelaksanaan penyidikan tindak pidana perusakan fasilitas publik yang diakibatkan unjuk rasa adalah menentukan secara pasti siapa pelaku utamanya (pleger), siapa yang menyuruh melakukan (doenpleger), siapa yang turut serta melakukan (medepleger), dan siapakah orang yang menganjurkan melakukan (uitlokker), perusakan fasilitas publik dimaksud. Kesemuanya itu, harus dapat dibuktikan secara akurat, sah dan meyakinkan. Di sinilah diperlukan 2 keahlian dan kecermatan penyidik untuk mengungkap unsur-unsur Pasal KUHP yang dilanggar. Terdapat beberapa Pasal KUHP yang dapat dikenakan terhadap pelaku perusakan fasilitas publik, yaitu : Pasal 170, 192, 193, 197, 200, 201 KUHP Jo Pasal 55 dan Pasal 56 KUHP. 2. Salah satu upaya strategis yang dilakukan oleh Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia untuk menanggulangi terjadinya perusakan fasilitas publik oleh pengunjuk rasa adalah dengan menerbitkan Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 9 tahun 2008 tentang Tata Cara Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan, Pengamanan dan Penanagan Perkara Penyampaian Pendapat di Muka Umum. Berdasarkan peraturan ini, selain diatur dengan cermat hak dan kewajiban peserta unjuk rasa juga diatur tentang tata cara penanganan perkara pelanggaran, penindakan, tahap penindakan, standar penindakan pelaku, standar penanganan barang bukti, penyelesaian perkara. Selanjutnya direkomendasikan agar dalam rangka menjamin pelaksanaan kemerdekaan penyampaian pendapat di muka umum, di samping melalui pendekatan preventif dan represif, juga dilakukan melalui upaya pre-emptif yaitu melalui pembinaan hubungan yang harmonis antara petugas dengan masyarakat. Untuk menciptakan hubungan yang harmonis tersebut, dapat dilakukan upaya dan kegiatan: sosialisasi ketentuan penyelenggaraan kemerdekaan penyampaian pendapat di muka umum di kalangan masyarakat agar dapat memahami dan menaati aturan yang berlaku; pemahaman kepada segenap petugas mengenai prosedur pelaksanaan tugas pelayanan, pengamanan, penanganan perkara kemerdekaan penyampaian pendapat di muka umum, sehingga pelaksanaan tugas di lapangan dapat dilaksanakan secara profesional dan proporsional.
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