Energy is essential to meet the basic needs of life, to increase amenities and modernization. The main sources of energy that are met our energy demands are mineral oil, coal, natural gas and firewood. These conventional energy sources are being depleted day by day. So renewable, alternative and effective energy sources should be explored for our country as well as whole world. The production of biogas serves as an alternative energy source. The main objective of our research work was enhancement of biogas production by cellulytic bacteria from bagasse using methanogens. Five liters capacity glass reactors were used. Five sets of batch modes anaerobic digesters were used under laboratory condition. Bagasse was used as feed materials. Bagasse is the by-product of sugar mill and it was used as raw materials for paper production in our paper mills. Now it is discarded and creates a problem of sugar mills to use and manage bagasse. The raw materials were diluted with supply water in the ratio of 1 to 9 for bagasse. The characteristics of the influent slurry in term of Total Solid (T.S)%, Volatile Solid (V.S)%, P H and temperature ranges were determined every 7 days intervals for bagasse. The percentage of methane of biogas obtained from bagasse was 80%. The S 1 strain (Monococcus sp.) and S3 strain (Streptococcus sp.) of cellulytic bacteria produced 3.45×10 -3 (m 3 /day/kg feedstock) biogas and 3.85×10 -3 (m 3 /day/kg feedstock) biogas at 22 th day respectively whereas control produced 2.85×10 -3 (m 3 /day/kg feedstock) biogas at 34 th day by using bagasse as feedstock. The results clearly demonstrated that the rate of biogas production was increased by S 1 strain and S 3 strain of cellulytic bacteria. The cumulative biogas production was found 54.20×10 -3 m 3 , 66.21×10 -3 m 3 and 61.59×10 -3 m 3 for control, S 1 strain and S3 strain of cellulytic bacteria, respectively. In conclusion, results obtained from the present research work can be used to design biogas reactor in the field conditions to operate batch and semi-continuous mode for disposal management of sugar mills and thereby contribute a lot of in our fuel and fertilizer sectors.
Demand of energy is increasing in the whole part of the world, it is estimated that in near future a significant energy crisis will be occurred. Furthermore, fossil fuels play a noticeable role for environmental pollutions. So, an alternative clean and environmental amiable renewable energy source is the most significant demand for the modern scientists. Bio-fuel cell especially microbial fuel cell can partially eliminate this crisis by producing electricity from biodegradable waste. Considering this aspect we produced double chamber MFCs where Zinc and copper plates are used as anode and cathode materials. In this study urine and fish waste mixed waste water are used as a source of substrate, aerobic bacteria helps to decompose it, in anode chamber where oxygen amplifies the reduction reaction in cathode chamber. To find out the effects of urine and fish waste on the performance of voltage, current and power we used digital multimeter and Hantek 365A data logger. Urine mixed waste water gives the maximum voltage 1.02 V, current 1.67 mA and power 1.7034 mW, whereas, for fish mixed waste water these values were 0.968 V, 1.365 mA and 1.3213 mW respectively. The whole operation we done batch wise, initial pH 8 and cell volume was 5 liter.
Fishes are rich sources of different types of nutrients. Some species are found in marine water; on the other hand some varieties are available in fresh water. Consumption of fish is very beneficial to the health and development of the human body and fish becomes an integral part of the food culture of populations in many countries. They provide essential nutrients to the human. The aim of this study was to estimate the nutritional status of the selected fish species, to extract and characterize the fish oil and lecithin. Fish oil contains higher amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids which have significant effect in maintaining a healthy cardiac life. Biochemical composition of shoul (Channa striata) was determined. It was found that fishes are rich sources of protein and other nutrients. All the other parameters such as, moisture, protein, lipid, total sugar and ash were found in significant amount in shoul. Shoul fish oil was extracted using n-hexane by soxhlet apparatus. The percentage of oil from shoul fish powder was 12.64 (g% w/w). Lecithin was also extracted from this fish fleshes before and after oil extraction. Lecithin was 2.07 (g% w/w) and 3.10 (g% w/w) before and after oil extraction. It was found that percentage of lecithin was increased after oil extraction. The physicochemical properties of fish oil and lecithin were investigated. The higher saponification value and iodine value indicates that oil and lecithin contains shorter fatty acid chain length with lower molecular weight and the presence of higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in the samples. Low acid value and peroxide value indicate higher quality index of fish oil and lecithin. The oxidative stability of shoul fish lecithin was also measured by thiocyanate (TC) method and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. Shoul fish lecithin showed higher oxidative stability due to the presence of natural antioxidant. Fatty acid composition of shoul fish oil and lecithin was measured by gas chromatography (GC). The important polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were found to be 0.49% and 1.37% in fish oil. But lecithin contains only 7.8% DHA and other monounsaturated fatty acids. This fish oil and lecithin also contain higher amount of monounsaturated fatty acid and average amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Fish oil and lecithin also act as sources of essential fatty acid. Therefore, we can use this fish oil and lecithin in edible purpose, food industry and pharmaceutical industry.
Consumption of fish is very beneficial to the health and development of the human body. They provide essential nutrients to the human. Fish oil contains higher amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids which have significant effect in maintaining a healthy cardiac life. Biochemical composition of boal (Wallago attu) was determined. It was found that fishes are rich sources of protein and other nutrients. Boal contain higher amount of moisture 77.51±0.35 (g%). All the other parameters such as, protein, lipid, total sugar and ash were 13.12±1.24 (g%), 1.94±0.06 (g%), 0.05±0.01 (g%), 1.55±0.05 (g%) in boal. Boal fish oil was extracted using n-hexane by soxhlet apparatus. The percentage of oil from boal fish powder was 18.24(g% w/w). Lecithin was also extracted from this fish fleshes before and after oil extraction. Lecithin was 2.02 (g% w/w) and 3.68 (g% w/w) before and after oil extraction. The physicochemical properties of fish oil and lecithin were investigated. The saponification value, iodine value, acid value, peroxide value, percentage of free fatty acids of boal fish oil and lecithin were 199.27±0.78 (mg KOH/g), 129.67±0.63 (mg I/g), 16.78±0.01 (mg KOH/g), 11.65±0.15 (meq O2/kg), 8.43±0.09 (%). and 124.56±1.23 (mg KOH/g), 89.26±1.44 (mg I/g), 11.31±1.52 (mg KOH/g), 4.26±0.55(meq O2/kg), 5.68±0.76 (%). The oxidative stability of boal fish lecithin was also measured. Boal fish lecithin showed higher oxidative stability due to the presence of natural antioxidant. Fatty acid composition of boal fish oil and lecithin was measured by gas chromatography (GC). The important polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were found to be 1.35% and 1.98%. But lecithin contains only 9% DHA and other monounsaturated fatty acids. This fish oil and lecithin also contain higher amount of monounsaturated fatty acid and average amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, we can use this fish oil and lecithin in edible purpose, food industry and pharmaceutical industry.
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