Abstract Colonoscopy is the established method of surveillance of subjects at high risk of developing colorectal neoplasia but the procedure is expensive, time consuming and occasionally hazardous. Faecal occult blood tests can be prepared at home and are cheap, simple and safe. Hemeselect is an immunological faecal occult blood test that is more sensitive for colorectal cancer than Haemoccult. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of the Hemeselect test for asymptomatic colorectal neoplasia in subjects at high risk of the disease who were undergoing colonoscopy, thus assessing its suitability as an alternative means of screening high-risk groups. A total of 919 asymptomatic subjects were asked to complete Hemeselect tests. These were completed satisfactorily by 808 individuals (compliance rate 88 per cent) and were positive in 164 patients (20 per cent). At colonoscopy 11 cancers were detected in ten patients (seven Hemeselect positive) and 36 (16 Hemeselect positive) had at least one adenoma 1 cm or more in diameter. The test sensitivities of Hemeselect for carcinoma and large (1 cm or more) adenomas were 70 and 44 per cent respectively. In a subset of 417 subjects who also completed Haemoccult tests, the sensitivities were 33 and 18 per cent. Hemeselect specificity is 88 per cent compared with 98 per cent for Haemoccult. While the sensitivity of Hemeselect is higher than that of Haemoccult, it is still insufficient to replace colonoscopy in high-risk groups.
Summary Summary The remarkable, perpendicularly-elongate web of a New Guinea araneid spider is described and illustrated. Its siting and construction are described and the possible origins and functions of the structure are discussed.
Prognosis of colorectal cancer is closely related to the extent of spread of disease at presentation.Recently, an increasing proportion of symptomatic Dukes' stage A colorectal cancers has been reported.We have investigated changes in the stage distribution of colonic and rectal cancers which have occurred over the last decade.In a trial of screening for colorectal cancer.at present have little role in determining which patients should receive adjuvant therapies.It is possible however that, in conjunction with other genetic changes, these may form the basis of a multi-variate prognostic system for the assessment of colorectal tumours.87 1 14 25.3X 5.
Females of the neotropical mantis Acanthops falcata adopt a special posture at dawn which is maintained for about 20 minutes. During the same period, males fly strongly, even in the absence of females. Our studies show that in this posture females are secreting a pheromone that acts as a sex attractant. All sexual activity in this species normally occurs between dawn and sunrise. It can be triggered by any dark-to-light transition, irrespective of real time. This sexual periodicity is probably an antipredator adaptation .
We think that we have found the solutions to these problems. We have devised a simple and inexpensive culture regime and found a species that is easy to manage in captivity. This species, Acanthops falcata Stol, is small enough to raise in large numbers in a modest amount of space and large enough to be convenient for a wide number of biological investigations. Females that are sexually receptive can be triggered to mate by a dark/light transition and males also become sexually active following such a transition. Matings are thus readily manipulable by the experimenter. In addition, the species is fecund and hardy. Our interest in solving the problems of raising predatory arthropods began in 1971, when we needed naive predators in order to investigate instinctive behavior. We used two species of araneid spiders, Argiope argentata and A. aemula, feeding them on dead drosophiloid flies (Robinson & Robinson, 1976a). Since then we have raised several generations of A. argentata and successfully hand reared two other species of web building spiders from egg cocoons, without the restriction of using dead prey, which makes the problem simpler.
Journal Article One-layer continuously sutured colonic anastomosis Get access W H F Thomson, W H F Thomson Department of Surgery, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK Correspondence to: Mr W. H. F. Thomson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M H E Robinson M H E Robinson Department of Surgery, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 80, Issue 11, November 1993, Pages 1450–1451, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800801133 Published: 07 December 2005 Article history Accepted: 11 February 1993 Published: 07 December 2005
11548 Background: Sarcomas are a rare and heterogenous group of cancers that arise from bone or soft tissue, and two thirds have poorly defined mutational profiles. Given their rarity, few comprehensive studies have fully characterized mutations and gene expression across sarcoma histologies correlated with clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to determine the presence of targetable mutations that may improve patient outcomes. In this study, we explored the genomic landscape and clinical actionability of sarcoma mutations from patients enrolled in our CAUSAL (Cohort to Augment the Understanding of Sarcoma survivorship Across the Lifespan) study. Methods: Between 04/01/2022 and 01/01/2023, 481 participants, treated from 2012 – present with multiple sarcoma histologies were enrolled on CAUSAL. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was performed on primary or metastatic tumors from 76 patients to determine DNA mutations within a 648 gene panel. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (seq) provided expression profiles and RNA fusion products. Further analysis was performed using principal components analysis of RNA seq data to explore correlates amongst sarcoma subtypes. Tumor mutations were queried in ClinVar for relevance to known variants and were assigned to tiers I-IV based on the ESMO scale for clinical actionability of molecular targets (ESCAT). Tier I mutations have drug-mutation matched evidence of actionability while tier IV have only pre-clinical evidence. Results: NGS has been completed on 76 tumor samples. Sequenced tumors represented 19 histologies, with the most common ones as follows: undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (15.8%), liposarcoma (9.2%), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (9.2%), osteosarcoma (7.9%), and leiomyosarcoma (7.9%). Of 76 patients, 66 (87%) had at least one mutation detected with an mean frequency of 2.74. TP53 (20/66), RB1 (14/66), and ATRX (9/66) were most commonly mutated genes. Mean (std) tumor mutation burden (TMB) was 3.4 m/MB (3.5m/MB) and one tumor had TMB of 25.3 m/MB. Of the 76 samples, 68 had RNA expression and fusion data available, of which 42 (62%) had anomalous expression changes and 11 had RNA fusions. The most overexpressed genes were NY-ESO-1 (13), LAGE-1 (9), and RET (7); the most under-expressed genes were SMARCB1 (9) and MGMT (6). 30.2% (23 of 76) of patients had potentially actionable DNA mutations, 9 had ESCAT tier I DNA mutations, 3 had tier II, 10 had tier III, and 1 had tier IV. 29.4% (20/68) of patients had potential targets based on RNA expression. 51.3% (39/76) patients had either a potential DNA or RNA target, and 6.6% (5/76) had multiple RNA or DNA targets. Conclusions: NGS revealed potentially actionable targets in over half of sarcoma patients based on ESCAT criteria. With ongoing accrual and sequencing of additional tumor specimens future analysis of CAUSAL will focus on assessing the correlation between targetable mutations and clinical outcomes.
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