Summary Detrimental effects exerted on oral and dental tissues by frequent mouthrinse use are observed, but studies about their effects on aesthetic restorative materials are limited. In this study, the purpose was to examine the effects of three proprietary mouthrinses on three different aesthetic restorative materials. Mouthrinses were used as treatment groups, while distilled water served as the control. From a total of 72 specimens, each experimental group consisting of 24 samples were prepared from each restorative test material by using metal moulds. The samples were stored in 20 mL of one of the mouthrinses for 12 h, which was reported as the equivalent time to 1 year of 2‐min daily mouthrinse use. Changes between baseline and after treatment measurements of surface microhardness and colour of the test materials were established by using Vickers microhardness tester and spectrophotometer. Statistical analyses were performed by analysis of variance ( anova ), with Bonferroni correction. The level of significance was set as 0·05 in all tests. There were no significant interactions between the test solutions and the test materials with regard to microhardness ( P > 0·05), and colour changes of the materials ( P > 0·05). Effects of mouthrinses on restorative materials may differ depending on many in vivo factors that could not be replicated in vitro . Therefore, routine assessment of the effects of mouthrinses on aesthetic restorative materials is recommended.
To evaluate the degradation of storage phosphor images relative to scanning delay.A series of exposures of an aluminium step-wedge with five 2 mm incremental steps were made using blue Digora storage phosphor plates (SPPs). After the first exposure the plates were immediately scanned. After the second the plates were scanned after a half hour delay, after the third after a 1 h delay and so on until a final delay of 8 h. Mean grey values (MGVs) of each step of the wedge and its background were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Difference between group means was assessed using Bonferroni/Dunn multiple comparison test (P<0.05).MGVs increased with the increase in scan delay. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that MGVs of the background and each step of the wedge were significantly different from each other for all scan delays (P<0.0001). Bonferroni/Dunn test showed that MGVs from plates scanned half an hour after exposure were not significantly different from those scanned immediately (P>0.05). Longer delays gave rise to significant differences in MGVs (P<0.05).Digora SPPs show statistically significant degradation of grey level values and contrast in plates scanned half an hour or longer after exposure.
OBJECTIVE To determine the performance of different processing solutions using an automatic processor for dental radiography. STUDY DESIGN One brand of dental X-ray film (Minimax, Chicago, IL, USA) was developed in an automatic processor using four different brands of processing solution: Megasan (MGS, Megasan, Ankara, Turkey), (HAC, Ankara, Turkey), Fuji (Fuji Medical, Hacettepe Cedex, France) and RP X-Omat (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) at a range of temperatures. Performance was evaluated with respect to base plug fog density, relative speed and contrast. RESULTS All solutions produced acceptable base plus fog values. MGS produced significantly greater densities (P < 0.05) than the other three solutions. Contrast obtained with Kodak and Fuji solutions was less than with MGS and HAC. Developing temperature recommended by the manufacturer of the processor were found to be higher than that needed to achieve a clinically acceptable film. CONCLUSIONS Depending on the processor and processing solutions used, exposure time and processing temperature can be modified while maintaining image quality. The cheapest processing solution (MGS) gave the same results as the more expensive.
OBJECTIVES To compare radiographic densitometry with indirect digital image analysis for evaluating the radiopacity of nine different resin-based restorative materials. METHODS Discs of amalgam and nine different resin-based restorative material, 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick, were radiographed together with 2 mm thick discs of intact and carious human teeth and an aluminium stepwedge. Density was evaluated by digital transmission densitometry and with the histogram function of an image analysis programme (Image Tool 1.27, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Texas, USA) following the digitization of the radiographs with a drum scanner. RESULTS The two methods produced essentially similar results. With both methods, Dyract (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany) had the highest radiodensity and Estilux Hybrid (Kulzer, Werheim, Germany) the lowest. CONCLUSION Digital image analysis is a suitable alternative to transmission densitometry for evaluation of the radiopacity of restorative materials.
Actinomycosis osteomyelitis of the jaw bones, particularly in the maxilla, is an extremely rare disease. This report presents two cases of maxillary and two cases of mandibular actinomycosis osteomyelitis, with the diagnosis particularly based on histological procedures. The highly diversified pathogenicity of the phenomenon and the absence of solid diagnostic criteria are discussed. Laboratory challenges are emphasized, and a comprehensive overview of the entity including treatment alternatives is given along with a review of the relevant literature.
Abstract Aim To compare the subjective image clarity of two different speed films and the Digora ® phosphor plate images with respect to the length and homogeneity of root canal fillings. Methodology Root canal treatment was performed on 20 extracted permanent mandibular first molar teeth. Standardized images of each tooth positioned in a dried mandible were obtained with E‐ and F‐speed films and Digora ® storage phosphor plates (SPP) at 0° and 30° horizontal angulations using the optimal exposure time recommended for each system. Five endodontists and five radiologists rated the image clarity of E‐ and F‐speed radiographs as well as the original and enhanced Digora ® images. The data were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test ( P < 0.01). Inter‐observer agreement was determined by Cohen's κ . Results Enhanced digital images were rated as superior followed by E‐ and F‐speed films and then the original digital images for the evaluation of both homogeneity and length ( P < 0.01) of root canal fillings. Agreement among endodontists and radiologists measurements was high in all of the imaging methods ( κ = 0.87). Conclusion Perceived image quality of the enhanced Digora ® images was superior to the original Digora ® and conventional film images for the evaluation of root fillings. However, E‐speed film provided a significantly better image clarity in comparison with F‐speed and original Digora ® images.
OBJECTIVES To determine if variations in radiodensity data are introduced by lossy Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compression and/or the use of three software programs. METHODS An occlusal film with an aluminium step wedge was exposed, processed and digitized under standard conditions. Before the image was saved, the coordinates and the gray-scale value for each pixel in a 20 x 20 pixel area near the middle of the thickest step were recorded. These pixel coordinates and gray-scale values served as Truth 1. In addition, a digital simulated-radiographic image with assigned gray-scale values for each pixel was created and served as Truth 2. The digital data for the scanned radiograph and the simulated radiograph were saved as Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) and lossy JPEG files. Each file was opened with three software programs and the gray-scale values of homologous pixels were recorded. For these pixels in each image type, the mean gray-scale values and standard deviations were calculated. The pixel gray-scale values for each homologous pixel were also individually compared. RESULTS When the TIFF images were opened with the three software programs, one program resulted in gray-scale values that were not concordant with truth. All JPEG images resulted in gray-scale values that were not concordant with truth. CONCLUSIONS One software program added a column of 0s to data files. Lossy JPEG compression introduced potentially deleterious variations to radiodensity data, and at least two of the software programs performed JPEG image decompression differently.
Amaç: Araştırmalar; bilişsel esnekliğin sözel saldırganlığı azalttığını, özellikle sosyal iletişimde ve etkileşimde problem çözme etkisine sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Mizah konusunda literatürdeki pek çok çalışma bulgularında ifade edildiği gibi mizah, stresle başa çıkma ve stresin yol açtığı olumsuz sonuçları azaltma konusunda önemli işleve sahiptir. Benzer çalışmalarda mizahın öfkeyi azaltma yönündeki etkisi de belirtilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, bilişsel esneklik düzeyi ile tercih edilen mizah stilleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma grubunu farklı fakülte ve bölümlerde öğrenim gören toplam 272 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla Mizah Stilleri Ölçeği ve Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için SPSS 20 programından yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, bağımsız gruplar da t-testi ve basit doğrusal regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma sonucunda, bilişsel esneklik düzeyi arttıkça, olumlu mizah tarzlarının kullanımının arttığı gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca, bilişsel esneklik alt boyutlarında ve tercih edilen mizah stillerinde kadın ve erkek katılımcılar arasında farklar bulunmuştur. Buna göre, erkeklerin bilişsel esneklik puanlarının kadınlardan anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu ve saldırgan mizah tarzını kadınlara oranla daha fazla kullandıkları saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmanın temel problemi olan bilişsel esneklik düzeyi ile olumlu mizah stillerinin kullanımı arasında pozitif yönde bir korelasyon saptanmıştır. Katı, alternatifsiz, olumsuz bilişlere sahip kişilerde öfke daha yoğun hissedilmekte; yapıcı olmayan ve zaman zaman suç davranışına varan uyum bozucu yollarla ifade edilmektedir. Adli bilimler açısından bilişsel esneklik ve mizah yeteneğinin geliştirilmesi, öfke ve saldırgan davranışın önlenmesi konusunda önemli katkılara sahiptir. Bu doğrultuda planlanacak projeler ve eğitim programları gerek öfke kontrolü gerekse öfkenin saldırgan davranışa dönüşmesinin önlenmesi konusunda önemli bir alternatif oluşturacaktır.
