The injection of large quantities of auxiliary fuels to reduce the coke rate at blast furnaces is an economic necessity because of the shortage of coke and its increasing cost. One of the reasons of the limitation of the amount of injected heavy oil is incomplete combustion with unacceptable soot formation.Firstly, the authors observed the phenomena in the raceway by using the experimental model and, secondly, they analyzed the combustion process in the real raceway on the basis of the gas composition measured by the probe inserted through the tuyere.The heavy oil is generally injected from the tip of oil nozzle settled near the tuyere at the oxygen excess ratio (μ) over 1.1. A great part of injected oil burns simultaneously with coke in the raceway and soot formation begins with increasing the amount of injected oil.In order to gasify the heavy oil in the blowpipe and tuyere before the beginning of the coke combustion, the nozzle tip was moved backward 1.75 or 0.75m away from the tuyere nose. The test of the new injection system was carried out at No. 6 tuyere of No. 2 blast furnace in Chiba Works and its results were also discussed. Much quantity of heavy oil could be gasified without soot formation on the condition of μ=0.9.
Refractory hypothyroidism is caused by decreased gut absorption, increased metabolism, and poor compliance. Previous studies suggested that the weekly oral, suppository, or intramuscular administration of levothyroxine (LT4) is an effective treatment for refractory hypothyroidism. However, limited information is currently available on treatment involving the weekly intravenous administration of LT4. We managed a case of refractory hypothyroidism due to poor compliance, for which, by weekly intravenous LT4 administration, LT4 was intravenously administered weekly at a dose of 300 μ g without any adverse effects such as acute ischemic heart diseases or liver dysfunction and effectively maintained the euthyroid status for 14 months. The weekly oral administration of LT4 (700 μ g) was also safely performed and was as effective as its intravenous administration. We herein present precise clinical course of the present case including pharmacokinetic data during the weekly intravenous and oral administration of LT4 and discuss the safety and efficacy of the treatments.
Stable severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure treated by nocturnal bi-level positive pressure non-invasive ventilation (NIV) may experience severe morning deventilation dyspnea. We hypothesised that in these patients, progressive hyperinflation, resulting from inappropriate ventilator settings, leads to patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) with a high rate of unrewarded inspiratory efforts and morning discomfort.
The large amount of information printed in the limited space of PTP sheets is a cause of confusion.This includes drug names,manufacturers’names and warnings.However,an appropriate color scheme and design for the PTP as a whole can help people distinguish the individual information and differentiate the product from its competitors.This would also be effective in preventing misidentification of drugs in medical facilities.In the present study,we investigated the effect of color and printing on human sensibility.To do this,we used 3 types of photo of a well-known branded drug(BR group)and a little-know generic drug(GE group)-photo of original PTP with printing,photo of original PTP without printing,and“gray scale”photo of PTP(no color/printing)-by the SD(Semantic Differential)method and factor analysis.For the GE group,the profile of the original PTP with printing and that without printing looked more similar than those for the BR group,and this tended to be influenced by color.The factors of familiarity and sensibility could be identified in a factor pattern matrix.A cluster analysis of subject scores indicated clusters giving a strong impression of familiarity and sensibility for the original photo with printing in the BR group while in the case of the photo of the original PTP with no printing,cluster layouts were similar for both the BR and GE groups.We therefore consider that factors determining sensibility comprise recognition of printing and design as well as coloring.
A 27-year-old female with maxillary maldevelopment was admitted for mandibular sagittal splitting osteotomy with mandibular progeny. General anesthesia was induced with 100 mg of propofol and 8 mg of vecuronium. When a soft and preformed 7.0 mm North-Polar-nasotracheal tube (Portex) was inserted into the nasopharynx through the left nasal cavity, it was very difficult to advance beyond the choana. After nasotracheal intubation, the buking became harder than before when she had been ventilated with a face mask. The peak airway pressure had reached higher than 50 cmH2O with ventilation of 500 ml tidal volume. Bronchoscopy revealed that the fiberscope (3.5 mm O.D.) could not go through the choanal stenosis, because it was too narrow. Therefore, she had to be intubated by a spiral tube, 6.0 mm I.D., through the other nasal cavity with assistance of bronchoscopy, instead of the North-Polar-tube. So, we have to pay attention to the possibility of compression and collapse of a soft nasotracheal tube in the nose of the patient with choanal stenosis due to maxillary maldevelopment.
The occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is not rare in neurosurgical patients. We investigated the therapeutic effects of gabexate mesilate (FOY) for DIC or DIC preparatory state in 70 cases. Underlying diseases were head injuries in 31 cases, intracranial hemorrhages in 19, subarachnoid hemorrhages in 10, cerebral infarctions or embolisms in 5, brain tumors in 3 and other diseases in 2. DIC or DIC preparatory states were induced by severe brain damage (26 cases), infection (26 cases), failure of other organs (6 cases), shock (5 cases), and others. On the basis of the clinical coagulation studies of these patients, we retrospectively established a new scoring system for DIC (neurosurgical DIC score) associated with neurosurgical diseases and evaluated whether it was useful. Because the original DIC score proposed by the Research Committee on Blood Coagulation Disorders supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare was not correlated with the level of consciousness representing the primary brain damage, it was likely to be underestimated in neurosurgical patients. Therefore, we included the level of consciousness with a new DIC scoring system. The neurosurgical DIC score was calculated from platelet count (score 0-3), FDP (score 0-3) and the level of consciousness (score 0-2), and was diagnosed as DIC preparatory state if it was 3, calculated from 2 of the 3 parameters, and as DIC if it was over 4. The score should be checked twice if it was 3, especially after operation. The neurosurgical DIC score was significantly correlated with the original DIC score.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
