The orthogonal design methods were adopted to optimize the formulation and technical parameters of paracetamol and codeine phosphate tablets. According to the optimization preparation, the granulation period per batch was shortened greatly from 8 h to 2 h. The resulted tablets met the requirements of ChP 2000.
In order to further study the current focus of community sports development,the 4 hot strategic issues:cohort,proiect,time period and competition,as well as the respective characteristics were put forward,for the first time,at the bases of social investigation and data process And suggestions were also made as to support and expand community sports development
Objective To know about the ongoing pregnancy rate,cesarean section rate of HIV-infected pregnant women and formula feeding rate of their infants in China during 2003-2011.Methods Databases including PubMed,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database(VIP),Wanfang Database(WF)and Chinese Biological Medical Literature Database(CBM)were searched from the date of their establishment to May 2013;the literatures published in both Chinese and English reporting ongoing pregnancy,cesarean section of HIV-infected pregnant women,or formula feeding of their infants were collected.Then according to the inclusion criteria,two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted the data and assessed the quality of the included articles.Meta-analyses were conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software(V2.0,Biostat,Englewood,New Jersey).Meta regression analysis was conducted to identify the source of heterogeneity.Results Of the total 2 356 records,61eligible articles were finally included.The results of meta-analysis showed that nationally,the rate of pregnancy continuation rates among HIV-infected pregnant women during 2003-2011 were 67.50%(95%CI[51.73%,80.10%]),60.49%(95%CI[18.59%,91.13%]),51.80%(95%CI[28.13%,74.68%]),62.59%(95%CI[54.60%,69.96%]),64.93%(95%CI[50.18%,77.29%]),70.65%(95%CI[62.20%,77.88%]),65.66%(95%CI[59.70%,71.16%]),67.85%(95%CI[52.66%,80.02%]),and 75.00%(95%CI[59.46%,85.99%]),respectively;the caesarean section rates among these women during 2004-2010 were 26.33%(95%CI[9.41%,55.14%]),43.40%(95%CI[34.30%,52.96%]),42.57%(95%CI[35.73%,49.70%]),69.43%(95%CI[13.48%,97.07%]),46.68%(95%CI[27.27%,67.16%]),61.14%(95%CI[49.37%,71.75%])and 56.60%(95%CI[36.36%,74.85%]),respectively;and the formula feeding rates of exposed infants were kept at relatively high levels(90.00% above)for all the years except for 2005,which was 82.65%.Conclusion The overall rate of pregnancy continuation of HIV-infected pregnant women represents an increase in recent years in China;the cesarean section rate is high,fluctuating and increasing;the formula feeding rate of their infants keeps stable at a high level.
Background: The Healthy Cities Project is an important strategy for global health. A scientific and reasonable indicator system can guide and evaluate the construction of a Healthy City. This study aimed to develop a scientific and appropriate indicator system for the evaluation of a Healthy City in Chongqing, China.Methods: Data were collected via a review of government documents, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. Based on our previous studies of the index system for the Chongqing Healthy City, a total of 34 government documents were reviewed to build the indicator database. The first round of focus group discussions, with 8 health-related experts, were conducted to form the indicator system framework. In-depth interviews, with 15 experts from government departments, were conducted to shape the improved indicator system. The second round of focus group discussions, with 4 experts, were performed to obtain the final recommended list of indicators. A thematic framework was used to analyze the detailed interview notes.Findings: The indicator system for the Healthy City from this study consisted of 5 first-level indicators, 21 second-level indicators, like health literacy, 73 third-level indicators, such as incidence of myopia, and 3 characteristic indicators, spanning the scope of the environment, society, health services, healthy people, and health behaviors.Interpretation: This indicator system was based on the current status of the construction of the Healthy City in the pilot district. It could be dynamically adjusted according to the development of the Healthy City in the pilot district. Government departments have played an important role in decision-making in the development process of this indicator system.Funding Statement: Chongqing Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission Medical Research Project (NO. 2017MSXM158).Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.Ethical Approval Statement: Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University,
This paper introduces the experimental platform used for the docking system of DSRV.The underwater docking device,the underwater acoustic ranging system and the host computer are described in this paper.The hardware and software of the experimental platform are also introduced.
A large area of periodic water-level-fluctuating zone (WLFZ) in the Poyang Lake, regulated by a special hydrologic rhythm, was deposited with significant amounts of nutrients and pollutants. In this study, the WLFZ located in a typical estuarine wetland was chosen and sampling transects were arranged according to different vegetation types towards the lake. Soil/sediment and dominant plant (different tissues) samples were collected, and contents and enrichment levels of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Pb) in these samples were analyzed. The migrations and conversions of heavy metal in the soil/sediment-plant system were evaluated, and driving environmental factors were explored. The results indicated that the contents of heavy metal in the soil/sediment presented an obvious single-peak distribution towards the lake, that is, the seasonally flooded zone was identified as the main deposited zone of heavy metals. There was a high enrichment level of Cu, Pb, and Sb in the soil/sediment from the WLFZ, and significant Cu and Sb pollution was identified (EF>5). The results from the potential ecological risk evaluation (RI) indicated that the ecological risk of the seasonally flooded zone was significantly higher than that in the flooded and unflooded zones, being at a low ecological risk (70 ≤ RI<140). There was no obvious spatial distribution of heavy metal contents in the dominant plant towards the lake, whereas significant seasonal differences were detected. The levels of heavy metals in plants at the growth phase (April) were higher compared to those at the other sampling times. The tissue distributions of heavy metal content basically followed the sequence of soil/sediment>root ≥ above-ground part, except for in Cd and Sb. The Cd content in the roots was significantly higher than that in the sediment/soil, and the Sb concentration was not significantly different among the three tissues. The bio-enrichment coefficient (BAF) and transfer factor (TF) of heavy metal in the dominant plant towards the lake did not show an obvious spatial pattern, and BAF and TF of heavy metals in the Artemisia capillaris Thunb. was higher than those in other dominant plants. The RDA revealed that pH, organic matter, plant height, and Fe-Mn oxides were the key environmental factors driving the migrations of heavy metals in the soil/sediment-plant system. These results will provide scientific basis and theoretical support for the biodiversity conservation and heavy metal pollution prevention and management in wetlands of the Poyang Lake.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)