Afield experiment was conducted during 1998–99 and 1999–2000 at Palampur, to diversify existing rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) cropping system. Wheat in rice-wheat sequence was replaced with 1 or 2 crops of oilseeds or vegetables crops, viz. gobhi sarson (Brassica napus ssp oleifera DC var. annua L), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L), toria [Brassica campestris L. ssp. oleifera (Metzger) Sinsk. var. toria] potato (Solanum tuberosum L), pea (Pisum sativum L) and Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Rice-pea-potato sequence recorded significantly highest rice-equivalent yield with production efficiency as high as 58.38 kg/ha/day. However, rice-pea-Frenchbean gave an additional net returns of Rs 7,110/ha over rice-pea-potato, which were also highest than that of rice-wheat. Land-use efficiency as well as benefit: cost ratio were also highest in rice-pea-Frenchbean. Thus in rice-wheat system, wheat crop can be safely replaced by pea, which can be followed either by potato or Frenchbean.
The study was carried out at experimental farm of CSK HPKV, Palampur, during 2011 and 2012 with the objectives of evaluating the effects of drip irrigation levels and NPK fertigation on soil-plant water, productivity, fertilizer expense efficiency and nutrient uptake of capsicum. The treatments comprised of (a) three drip irrigation levels vi%, 1.2 CPE-Drip at 120% CPE, 1.0 CPE-Drip at 100% CPE and 0.8 CPE-Drip at 80% CPE, (b) three fertigation levels vi%, 100% NPK, 66.6% NPK and 33.3% NPK of recommended dose of fertilizer and (c) recommended practice (RP)-flood Irrigation of 4 cm at 8–10 days interval and 100% recommended dose of fertilizer. The capsicum cv. California wonder was transplanted during third week of April during 2011 and 2012. The results indicated that 1.2 CPE treatments had higher soil and relative leaf water content, lower aeration porosity, higher marketable yield, B.C ratio and fertilizer expense efficiency in comparison to 1.0 and 0.8 CPE. Increase in fertigation level from 33.3 to 100% RDF significantly increased number of leaves, relative leaf water content, marketable yield and B: C ratio but decrease in fertilizer expense efficiency. Drip based irrigation along with fertigation in general had higher fruit yield but lower B: C ratio in comparison to flood and conventional fertilizer application.
A field experiment was conducted for three consecutive Kharif seasons on silty clay loam soil at the research farm of CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur to find the effect of surface drainage of rain water on the performance of black gram cultivars.Twelve treatment combinations consisting of four drainage conditions (surface drainage not provided, surface drainage through providing drain after three lines of crop, surface drainage through providing drain all around the plot, surface drainage through furrows in ridge and furrow system with crop planted on ridges) and three black gram cultivars (Palampur-3, UG-218 and PDU-1) were replicated thrice in a split plot design with varieties in main plots and drainage conditions in sub plots.Surface drainage of water significantly increased black gram yield, gross and net returns in comparison to no surface drainage of water.Planting on ridge and drainage of water through furrow resulted in significantly higher black gram yield (30.4%), gross (30.5%) and net (33.2 %) returns than no surface drainage of water.Grain yield (16.5 %), gross returns (16.5%),net returns (59.6 %) and B:C ratio (63.2 %) were higher in variety Palampur-93 than in variety UG -218.
Efficient utilization of harvested rain-water either in small or big farm ponds is being emphasized upon through micro-irrigation systems. Among the various techniques developed for application of water, drip irrigation is gaining popularity as perhaps the most efficient method of water application. Keeping it in view, the study was conducted at experimental farm of CSK HPKV, Palampur, during the years 2010–11 and 2011–12 with the objectives of evaluating the effects of drip irrigation levels applied at 1.2, 1.0 and 0.8 CPE and NPK fertigation on soil water retention, water use efficiency, growth and productivity of cauliflower. The treatments comprised of (a) Three drip irrigation levels viz., I1.2 (1.2 CPE) i.e. drip at 120% CPE, I1.0 (1.0 CPE) i.e. drip at 100% CPE and I 0.8 (0.8 CPE) i.e. drip at 80% CPE, (b) Three fertigation levels viz., F100 i.e. 100% recommended dose of fertilizer, F66.6 i.e. 66.6% recommended dose of fertilizer and F 33.3 i.e. 33.3% recommended dose of fertilizer and (c) Control (IRec) i.e. flood Irrigation of 4 cm at 8–10 days interval and 100% recommended dose of fertilizer. The cauliflower variety cv. PSB K-1 was transplanted on October 12, 2010 in the first year and on October 30, 2011 in the second year of experiment. The results showed significant rise in moisture content when water application depth was increased from I0.8 to I1.2. In both years, the results indicated that I 1.2 treatment had higher soil water content in comparison to I1.0, I0.8 and IRec. The I1.2 treatment due to favorable soil moisture regimes led to higher marketable curd yield and water use efficiency in comparison to I1.0 and I0.8. Likewise, F treatment had higher marketable curd yield and water use efficiency in comparison to F66.6 and F33.3. The highest marketable curd yield, water use efficiency, gross return was obtained under I1.2 F100 treatment combination. The study concluded that drip based irrigation scheduling resulted in higher water use efficiency (44.94 to 54.34%) and saving in irrigation water (35.85 to 50%) in comparison to conventional method of irrigation.
For efficient utilization of harvested rain water, there is a need to generate critical information on developing irrigation scheduling based on soil water retention and transmission characteristics with respect to atmospheric demand not only for obtaining profitable marketable yields but also higher nutrient and Water Use Efficiency (WUE). The present study was conducted at Experimental Farm of CSK HPKV, Palampur, during 2009–10 and 2010–11 with the objective of evaluating the effect of soil suction based irrigation scheduling, vermicompost and NPK levels on growth, productivity and WUE of broccoli. The treatments comprised of a) Irrigation management viz., Ij (I20(3))-Irrigation of 3 cm at 20 cm mercury rise, I2(I20(6)) - Irrigation of 6 cm at 20 cm mercury rise and I3 (I36(6))-Irrigation of 6 cm at 36 cm mercury rise, b) Nutrient management viz., M;-Vermicompost (VC)25 + 100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF), M2-VC5 + 50% RDF and M3-VC7.5 and c) Control-IRcc + Farm Yard Manure (FYM)20 + 100% RDF. The results indicated that I2 treatment had higher profile water depletion in comparison to I1513 and IRcc in both the years. Because of favorable soil water status treatment I; led to better root and shoots growth, marketable curd yield (by 13.3 and 38.0% during 2009–10 and 2010–11) and WUE in comparison to I3. Likewise, M, treatment had higher root and shoot growth, marketable curd yield (almost double during both years) and WUE in comparison to M3. The highest marketable curd yield, WUE, economic returns was obtained under IjMj treatment. From the above study, it is concluded that the application of 3 cm irrigation at 20 cm mercury rise and VC @ 2.51 ha1 + 100% NPK should be followed for obtaining higher returns and WUE.
'%3e%3ccircle r='20' fill='%23008'/%3e%3ccircle r='17.5' fill='%23fff'/%3e%3ccircle r='3.5' fill='%23008'/%3e%3cg id='d'%3e%3cg id='c'%3e%3cg id='b'%3e%3cg id='a' fill='%23008'%3e%3ccircle r='.875' transform='rotate(7.5 -8.75 133.5)'/%3e%3cpath d='M0 17.5.6 7 0 2l-.6 5L0 17.5z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(15)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b' transform='rotate(30)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' transform='rotate(60)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' transform='rotate(120)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' transform='rotate(-120)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
